近年來由於行動通訊快速的成長，各種相關的應用不斷的推陳出新，在這種以服務競爭為導向的情況之下，使用行動電話的目的不單單只是為了通話，還有許多方便的功能附加在行動電話系統業者所提供的服務之中。在這些已經提供的服務的範圍之外，還有一類相當龐大的應用尚未被開發，那就是無線定位系統。這一類的應用服務之所以未被系統提供者所開發的原因，最主要的是定位系統的技術尚未成熟。事實上，在GSM 的架構下已經具有區域性的特性，如果利用此一特性達到定位的目的，除了可以將位置相關的服務提供給使用者，更可依現有的設備提供更高的使用率。在此一基礎之下，GSM 的定位不啻為一個有利的研究方向。
在美國聯邦電信委員會(FCC)所提出的要求中，明白的指出GSM 各系統提供者或設備供應者必須要在公元2001 年的10 月之前，完成緊急電話通報系統，也就是要能夠對各個基地台範圍內的行動電話做準確的定位，以利於緊急事故發生時可以有效地找出事故地點，提供救援服務。此一要求為各系統業者及設備供應者所接受，並深入研究GSM 系統的定位技術。然而針對這些已提出之研究進度顯示，其定位技術都是透過基地台與後端的網路設備傳送位置資訊再加以計算定出行動電話的正確位置，此類技術最大的問題在於定位的資料流佔用了有限的頻寬，使原本即忙碌的網路更加吃緊，在這樣的考量之下，同一個時間能夠提供定位的數目便受到限制，換句話說，通話服務與定位服務彼此間造成排擠效應，定位服務的普及與利用率便大打折扣，設備的使用率將無法提高。
由此看來，一個定位技術應該是獨立運作於使用者端，無須藉由網路的傳輸佔用通話服務的頻寬，也不必更動原有系統架構，而有非常高之系統相容性，當此目標達成之，思考哪些定位應用服務可以提供給使用者才有意義。本篇論文所探討的重點便是提出一種架構在行動電話端的自我定位技術，不更改GSM 系統的整體架構，可以達到隨時定位的要求，不會造成系統負擔的增加。此外，本研究的架構中設計了彈性機制，利用犧牲部分時間的因素，累積足夠的資訊以達到定位更加精準的目的。
我們所提出的架構是建立在使用者端的一套定位系統，擷取行動台時間先行值(Timing Advance,TA)測量基地台與行動台之間的距離，再配合基地台區域的角度，分析行動台存在區域。我們利用強迫性切換基地台(force handover)的機制將準確度提高。此一強迫性切換動作，使用者依照需求可選擇性的多次重複切換，以達到最佳效果。此外，我們針對高雄市實作分析模擬器，經由分析模式所建立的數值指標，提供系統作自我調適的反應依據。
最後，我們在此一自動定位系統之上，建構了兩套應用程式以證明自動定位系統之可靠度，此應用系統為:無線簽到系統以及區域資源資訊搜尋系統。藉由應用層與定位程式核心的整合，我們可以更清楚的評估此系統在實際應用上的效能，同時也證明以基地台為基礎的自動定位系統是一套有實際應用價值的系統。

Due to the availability of the cellular phone, PCS (Personal Communication Service) has become wildly popular world-wide [1], and the number of the PCS users has quickly grown beyond what anyone had imagined. As its name indicates, mobility is the most remarkable feature of a cellular phone. On the other hand, that means it is difficult to determine the location of the PCS users. The proficiency to determine the geographical position of a cellular phone users have become increasingly important. One main reason for this service is the use of mobile phones for emergency calls, which is expected to grow quickly in the near future. For emergency assistance via 911 (Emergency 911, E-911), the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) has now required that system operators of mobile communications networks be able to accurately locate mobile callers before year 2001. There has been a lot of ongoing research examining cellular positioning options among cellular and PCS providers. Most location approaches require measurements at multiple receiving stations or need supports from base stations.
Our main proposal in this paper is a new approach to enhance the performance of wireless position location through a single cellular phone. This method has the following two features: First, it does not require any modification to the current GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) architecture, that is, it does not increase network traffic. Second, the location identifications is performed on the mobile end, which does not increase computation load of the network system. Hence, the quantity of self-location cellular phones which can be supported by GSM system has no upper limit. In this sense, we would say that Cell Base Automatic Location Identification System is a method worthy of further exploration. Meanwhile, this technique could be applied on the other domains, such as electron-map, local resource detected, newfangled chat room, controlling caller’s location, etc.
The intention of this paper is to introduce innovation uses single cellular phone to implement ALI (Automatic Location Identification) system. The whole issue determining the TA (Timing Advance) between the MS (Mobile Station) and the BTS (Base Transference Station) as well as coupling the calculated distance with the determined direction of the BTS signal so as to calculate the location of the MS. To counter the inaccuracies of the ALI system, we offer a force-handover subfunction. Even though one or more force-handovers increase the accuracy, the cost is extra time overhead.
In our location system, we implement two applications to determine the reliability of any ALI system information. They are Wireless Signed System and Resources Information Searching System.

ABSTRACT IN CHINESE..........................I
ABSTRACT....................................Ⅲ
CONTENTS.....................................V
FIGURE CONTENTS.............................Ⅶ
CHAPTER 1 Introduction...................... 1
1-1 Location Identification System Overview..2
1-2 Motivation and Goal .................... 3
1-3 Thesis Organization .................... 4
CHAPTER 2 Background........................ 6
2-1 FCC’s Requirement...................... 6
2-2 GSM Architecture ....................... 7
2-2-1 GSM Architecture ......................7
2-2-2 Frequency Spectrum .................. 10
2-2-3 Handover............................. 12
2-2-4 Timing Advance....................... 14
2-3 Application of Locating Services....... 16
2-4 Related Techniques .................... 17
2-4-1 AOA Locating Techniques ............. 18
2-4-2 TOA Locating Techniques.............. 19
CHAPTER 3 Conception Model................. 22
3-1 Cell ID................................ 22
3-2 Cell Direction......................... 23
3-3 BSIC................................... 24
3-4 Distance and Angle .................... 26
3-5 Force handover......................... 28
CHAPTER 4 Implementation................... 30
4-1 Platform............................... 30
4-2 Architecture........................... 31
4-3 Application............................ 33
4-3-1 Resources Information Searching System33
4-3-2 Wireless Signed System............... 34
4-4 Simulator.............................. 35
CHAPTER 5 Result........................... 38
CHAPTER 6 Conclusion....................... 48
Reference.................................. 50

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