台灣地區近年來發生土壤/地下水遭石油碳氫化合物或其他化學物質污染之事件有愈形普遍而嚴重之趨勢，行政院環境保護署目前已針對此問題加速進行土壤/地下水污染防治等相關法案之推動。因此，如何決定污染場址是否必須進行整治？各污染場址進行整治之急迫性如何？而其整治標準又如何訂定？已成為當前環保工作的重要課題之一，另針對受TPH 污染之場址進行健康風險評估有其難度，因風險評估的基礎假設係以單一化學物質進行其健康風險評估，對於含多種不同碳數化合物的TPH 污染會有適用上的困難，且要將TPH 中各組分有效分離更要克服分析技術上的門檻。
有鑑於此，本研究主要即針對上述問題，針對台灣南部某一受TPH 污染之場址進行健康風險計算，評估場址之污染濃度，並從健康風險評估的角度，應用美國試驗及材料協會所發展之「風險基準矯正行動」準則，量化各環境介質、關切化學物質與暴露人體途徑等之風險，探討污染場址對於人體健康所可能造成之風險，進而評估污染場址進行整治之必要性與急迫性；同時說明如何應用該模式，以作為協助訂定整治標準之依據，及風險管理之參考。
經評估結果顯示，場址內外之致癌性物質其檢測結果皆為未檢出或符合污染管制標準，此表示在本場址中，土壤污染所造成之受體於各暴露途徑下皆不會造成致癌性風險，場外民眾更無因接觸致癌物質而導致致癌之虞；場址內非致癌風險，其台灣地區近年來發生土壤/地下水遭石油碳氫化合物或其他化學物質污染之事件有愈形普遍而嚴重之趨勢，行政院環境保護署目前已針對此問題加速進行土壤/地下水污染防治等相關法案之推動。因此，如何決定污染場址是否必須進行整治？各污染場址進行整治之急迫性如何？而其整治標準又如何訂定？已成為當前環保工作的重要課題之一，另針對受TPH 污染之場址進行健康風險評估有其難度，因風險評估的基礎假設係以單一化學物質進行其健康風險評估，對於含多種不同碳數化合物的TPH 污染會有適用上的困難，且要將TPH 中各組分有效分離更要克服分析技術上的門檻。
有鑑於此，本研究主要即針對上述問題，針對台灣南部某一受TPH 污染之場址進行健康風險計算，評估場址之污染濃度，並從健康風險評估的角度，應用美國試驗及材料協會所發展之「風險基準矯正行動」準則，量化各環境介質、關切化學物質與暴露人體途徑等之風險，探討污染場址對於人體健康所可能造成之風險，進而評估污染場址進行整治之必要性與急迫性；同時說明如何應用該模式，以作為協助訂定整治標準之依據，及風險管理之參考。
經評估結果顯示，場址內外之致癌性物質其檢測結果皆為未檢出或符合污染管制標準，此表示在本場址中，土壤污染所造成之受體於各暴露途徑下皆不會造成致癌性風險，場外民眾更無因接觸致癌物質而導致致癌之虞；場址內非致癌風險，其最大風險來源為土壤污染蒸氣吸入，佔總危害風險比例88.80%，危害商數為7.11×10-2；其次為誤食污染土壤所造成之風險，佔總危害風險比例10.09%，危害商數為8.09×10-2；各暴露途徑下之受體總非致癌風險值為8.01×10-1，符合法規規範之可接受風險值1之規定，係屬於可接受之危害風險，亦即表示受體在場內暴露污染30年，其所可能造成的危害係在受體可接受的範圍內；計算場外受體在各污染暴露途徑下暴露30年，其總危害風險值為4.40×10-1，亦符合國內法規規定之危害風險值1之標準，因此不會對人體健康造成威脅，受體於場外所暴露之危害係屬於可接受的程度。另針對TPH組份化合物之危害指數來看，脂肪族C8-C10、C10-C12以及芳香烴C10-C12係最主要貢獻風險的化合物，此與本場址之柴油油品污染特性及其污染濃度有關。然而，本研究健康風險計算之結果符合風險規範之現值，此表示TPH 污染物之毒性應屬於非急毒性之化合物，因當其少量存在時(如污染濃度極低)，其風險值並未超過法規限值。

Petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated soil and groundwater is a world-wide environmental problem, which results in environmental hazard and human health risk problems. Because petroleum is a complex composition mixture rather than a single compound, health risk assessment for petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated site is a complicated process. In this study, the human health risks were assessed and calculated following the risk-based corrective action (RBCA) protocol for a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated site. This study was conducted on one of the TPH contaminated sites in the south of Taiwan where the health risk calculation, evaluation of the pollution concentrations and health risks on the pollution sites was carried out. Results show that the main on site human health risk was from the soil vapor inhalation, which resulted in 88.8% of the total carcinogenic risk, and the calculated hazard index was 7.11×10-2. The soil ingestion was also a major risk cause, which resulted in 10.1% of the total carcinogenic risk, and the calculated hazard index was 8.1×10-2. The total non-carcinogenic risk (hazard index) was 8.01×10-1, which was less than the acceptable level of 1. This indicates that the total risk caused by the TPH was within the acceptable range. The calculated total risk after 30 years of exposure was 4.40×10-1, which was also less than the acceptable level of 1, and thus, health risk due to the TPH spill can be ignored. Furthermore, the major causes of increased hazard index value include aliphatic components (C8-C10 and C10-C12) and aromatic components (C10-C12). Because TPH is not an acute toxic compound, the calculated health risk via the oil spill is not significant.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 健康風險評估 4
2.1.1 健康風險評估之重要性 6
2.1.2 健康風險評估定義及目的 6
2.1.3 國內法源依據及介紹 8
2.1.4 國內外風險評估的發展 8
2.1.5 健康風險評估概念及程序 11
2.1.6概念模式建立 18
2.1.7層次性健康風險評估 19
2.1.8 不確定性分析 24
2.2總石油碳氫化合物污染場址特性 28
2.2.1 總石油碳氫化合物污染來源 28
2.2.2 總石油碳氫化合物之危害 29
2.2.3 總石油碳氫化合物物理化學特性概述 29
2.3總石油碳氫化合物之健康風險評估 34
2.3.1 TPH健康風險評估議題 34
2.3.2 TPH健康風險評估方式 34
第三章 研究材料與方法 37
3.1 研究架構 37
3.2 RBCA健康風險評估模式 39
3.2.1 RBCA 模式原理 40
3.2.2 RBCA健康風險評估輸入參數 41
3.3 國內健康風險評估模式 43
3.4健康風險評估計算方式 43
3.4.1土壤TPH污染物暴露評估 43
3.4.2 TPH污染物風險特徵描述 50
第四章 場址背景介紹 54
4.1背景資料 54
4.1.1地理環境介紹 54
4.1.2場址區域地形地貌與地質 54
4.1.3場址區域土壤結構 55
4.1.4 場址區域氣候 56
4.1.5 場址區域水文 60
4.1.6環境敏感區 61
4.2關切污染物質 64
4.2.1 關切污染物質的判定 64
4.2.2致癌性關切污染物質判定 72
4.2.3非致癌關切污染物質判定 72
4.3污染範圍劃定 75
4.4評估基準 76
4.4.1暴露途徑分析及場址概念模式 77
第五章 結果與討論 83
5.1 劑量反應評估 83
5.1.1致癌毒性因子援引 83
5.1.2非致癌毒性因子援引 85
5.2暴露劑量評估 87
5.2.1 場址內受體暴露劑量 87
5.2.2 場址外受體暴露劑量 87
5.3 風險特徵描述 91
5.3.1 場內致癌風險 91
5.3.2場址內非致癌風險 91
5.3.3 場址外致癌性風險 92
5.3.4 場址外非致癌風險特徵描述 92
5.4不同模式評估比較 95
5.5 不確定性分析 95
第六章 結論與建議 97
6.1 結論 97
6.2風險管理與建議 98
參考文獻 99

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