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博碩士論文 etd-0804114-131040 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0804114-131040
論文名稱
Title
以乳化油淋洗結合生物降解處理受戴奧辛污染之土壤
Bioremediation of dioxin-contaminated soils with the pretreatment of emulsified oil washing
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
118
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2014-07-24
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2014-09-09
關鍵字
Keywords
生物整治、土壤淋洗、戴奧辛、Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU、乳化油
Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU, dioxin, soil washing, emulsified oil, bioremediation
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
台南中石化安順廠(China Petrochemical Development Corporation, An-Shun site)其廠區受有高濃度的戴奧辛(dioxins)、汞(mercury)、及五氯酚(pentachlorophenol)等毒性物質污染。戴奧辛類化合物為持久性有機污染物,不但毒性高、半衰期長且具生物累積性,透過食物鏈傳播而使週遭居民深受其害。土壤淋洗法(soil washing)是以洗滌的方式清除土壤中污染較嚴重之部分,但單獨使用此方法無法完全清除土壤污染,故搭配生物整治接續處理污染土壤。本研究考量戴奧辛本身屬親脂親油性並為後續可接續進行生物處理,故選用去離子水(控制組)與稀釋後之乳化油作為淋洗液,分別以5、10、20、30及60倍孔隙體積(pore volumes, PVs)淋洗污染土壤,探討淋洗後之OCDD/F殘留率與各殘留相間之質量平衡。此外,後續添加Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU (P. M. NSYSU)於3組實驗組別(無菌水組、NB組及淋洗液組),探討稀釋50倍乳化油淋洗後,OCDD/F殘留於土壤之比例;另外亦添加P. M. NSYSU於2組實驗組別(滅菌組及滅菌卵磷脂組)探討OCDD/F殘留於土壤之比例。實驗結果顯示,以去離子水淋洗戴奧辛污染土壤60 PVs後,土壤中OCDD/F之殘留率分別為90%及91%,總OCDD/F之殘留率為82%。經稀釋50倍之乳化油淋洗60 PVs 後,土壤中OCDD/F之殘留率分別為31%及30 %,總OCDD/F之殘留率為31%。戴奧辛土壤經稀釋200倍之乳化油淋洗60 PVs 後,OCDD/F之殘留率分別為33%及36%,總OCDD/F之殘留率為34%。多次分析發現OCDD之毒性濃度介於17,000至23,000 ng I-TEQ/kg,平均值為20,200 ng I-TEQ/kg;OCDF之毒性濃度為8,500至11,500 ng I-TEQ/kg,平均值為10,800 ng I-TEQ/kg。質量平衡結果顯示,經淋洗後之OCDD與OCDF濃度,加總後分別符合各組別之初始濃度範圍,顯示淋洗前後之毒性濃度呈現質量平衡。然而對於P. M. NSYSU而言,無論是否添加卵磷脂皆能降解土壤中之戴奧辛,但添加卵磷脂之組別於前21天較快將OCDD及OCDF降解,土壤中OCDD/F之殘留率分別為31%及36%,總OCDD/F殘留率為32%。上述結果顯示,添加P. M. NSYSU並給予穩定碳源,可加快OCDD與OCDF之去除效率,縮短整治期程。另外乳化油淋洗接續P. M. NSYSU進行生物處理之PCR-DGGE結果可發現P. M. NSYSU於無菌水組、NB組及淋洗液組之初期皆為優勢菌種,但無菌水組及淋洗液組隨著時間增加菌量減少,可能是因微生物可利用之碳源逐漸減少;NB組的Nutrient broth則可使菌穩定得生長。而淋洗接續添加P. M. NSYSU於3組不同實驗條件下培養56天後,皆可使土壤中之OCDD及OCDF減少,最終土壤殘留之OCDD由31%依序降至17、13、16%;土壤殘留之OCDF則由30%依序降至15、15、17%。因此淋洗接續生物處理可使得土壤中之OCDD/F毒性濃度再減少。綜合淋洗與生物整治試驗之結果,本研究可提供一較新穎之技術來有效處理戴奧辛污染之土壤,讓中石化廠區內之受污染之土壤得以解決。
Abstract
Dioxins refers to a group of chemically and structurally related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons including 75 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and 135 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) congeners. The highly chlorinated dioxin and furan isomer, octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF), and many of the other isomers have been detected in sediments, soils, and in the adipose tissue of livestock and fish in both rural and industrialized areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed two-stage system [including soil washing (stage 1) and bioremediation (stage 2)] on the remediation of OCDD/OCDF contaminated soils. In the stage 1 process, emulsified oil was applied for soil washing. In stage 2 process, Pseudomonas mendocina NSYSU (P.M. NSYSU) was inoculated in soils to enhance the OCDD/OCDF biodegradation efficiency. In the soil washing experiment, five different pore volumes (PVs) (5, 10, 20, 30, and 60) of emulsified oil solution were used for soil washing. After the soil washing stage, P. M. NSYSU was added in the solution to biodegrade the remaining OCDD/OCDF. Results indicate that approximately 90 and 91% of OCDD and OCDF remained in soils if 60 PVs of deionized water was used as the washing agent. Results also show that approximately 31 and 30% of OCDD and OCDF remained in soils if 60 PVs of emulsified soil (volume ratio for oil to water = 1: 50) was used as the washing agent. Approximately 33 and 36% of OCDD and OCDF remained in soils if 60 PVs of emulsified soil (volume ratio for oil to water = 1: 200) was used as the washing agent. Results from the biodegradation experiment show that higher OCDD/OCDF biodegradation rates can be obtained if lecithin can be added in the microcosms. This indicates that lecithin can be used as the carbon source, and thus, the stable growth of P. M. NSYSU can be achieved. Results from the biodegradation tests show that P. M. NSYSU became the dominant bacterium during the biodegradation process. In the two-stage treatment experiment, the remained OCDD and OCDF were about 15 and 17%, respectively, after stage 1 and stage 2 treatment. Thus, the two-stage treatment system will be a feasible technology to remediate OCDD/OCDF contaminated soils.
目次 Table of Contents
謝誌 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract v
總目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xiii
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 戴奧辛類化合物 3
2.1.1 戴奧辛之物化特性 3
2.1.2 戴奧辛化合物之毒理特性 8
2.1.3 戴奧辛在土壤中之傳輸與流佈 11
2.1.4 戴奧辛之污染案例介紹 11
2.1.5 戴奧辛於國內外之管制現況 15
2.2 戴奧辛污染土壤整治技術 27
2.2.1 戴奧辛土壤物理整治技術 27
2.2.2 戴奧辛土壤化學整治技術 28
2.2.3 戴奧辛土壤生物復育技術 31
2.2.4 戴奧辛土壤熱處理技術 32
2.3 土壤淋洗法 33
2.3.1 土壤淋洗法技術簡介 33
2.3.2 土壤淋洗法之整治應用 33
2.3.3 土壤淋洗液之種類與優缺點 36
2.4 乳化油之介紹 40
2.4.1 乳化油之特性及結構 40
2.4.2 乳化油於土壤整治之應用 42
2.5 戴奧辛之生物復育法 44
2.5.1 好氧分解程序及細菌之生物多樣性 46
2.5.2 戴奧辛分解菌之特性 46
第三章 研究方法 49
3.1 研究架構 49
3.2 研究材料與儀器設備 50
3.2.1 試驗所需藥品 50
3.2.2 儀器設備 51
3.3 試驗土壤之採集與預處理 52
3.4 研究試驗步驟 52
3.4.1 土壤基本性質分析 52
3.4.2 去離子水淋洗戴奧辛土壤試驗 55
3.4.3 乳化油淋洗液淋洗戴奧辛土壤試驗 55
3.4.4 以P. M. NSYSU菌與卵磷脂處理戴奧辛土壤 57
3.4.5 以P. M. NSYSU菌與乳化油淋洗液處理戴奧辛土壤 58
3.5 試驗分析與檢測之方法 59
3.5.1 戴奧辛之分析 59
3.5.2 微生物分析 60
第四章 結果與討論 65
4.1 土壤基本性質分析 65
4.1.1 土壤質地分析 65
4.2 去離子水淋洗戴奧辛土壤試驗結果 68
4.2.1 去離子水移除土壤戴奧辛之效率 68
4.2.2 去離子水淋洗試驗之戴奧辛濃度分佈 70
4.3 乳化油淋洗液淋洗戴奧辛土壤試驗結果 72
4.3.1 稀釋50倍乳化油淋洗液移除土壤戴奧辛之效率 72
4.3.2 稀釋50倍乳化油淋洗液淋洗試驗之戴奧辛濃度分佈 75
4.3.3 稀釋200倍乳化油淋洗液移除土壤戴奧辛之效率 78
4.3.4 稀釋200倍乳化油淋洗液淋洗試驗之戴奧辛濃度分佈 80
4.4 以P. M. NSYSU菌與卵磷脂處理戴奧辛土壤結果 84
4.5 以P. M. NSYSU菌與乳化油淋洗液處理戴奧辛土壤結果 86
第五章 結論與建議 96
5.1 結論 96
5.2 建議 97
參考文獻 98
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