憂鬱或憂思乃濟慈一八一九年六首頌詩中的重要主題之一。前人研究多著重
於濟慈憂鬱美學之討論，然少有對其頌詩中憂鬱機制之發展及詩人與失物之和解
的討論。本論文以精神分析方法切入，探討文本中憂思如何影響詩人。在五首春
季頌詩中，濟慈開展對其失落的閒散之追尋。受其夢般幻象影響，濟慈於「賽姬
頌」、「夜鶯頌」及「希臘古甕頌」中追索相對應之夢中形象－－愛情、詩歌、野
心，最後卻失敗，且更受古甕之為詩人分身之死亡威脅。詩人無法處理古甕，故
而在「憂鬱頌」中建立一隱喻之話語系統，以隱喻對抗死亡。然該隱喻系統卻又
令詩人耽於永生之幻象中。於「閒散頌」中，詩人依然無法逃離夢中的三位形象，
因其已成為詩人與失落的閒散和自在的憂思之間的唯一聯繫。最終，在「致秋天」
中，詩人從憂思下解放自我。藉由將秋天擬人化，詩人最終以語言面對謎般的大
他者，重得慾望之動機，並克服半年以來影響其甚巨的憂鬱。

Melancholy, or the melancholic mood, is one of the major themes in John Keats's
1819 odes. Many studies focus on the aesthetics of Keats's melancholy, but the
development of the poet's self-melancholizing mechanism in the odes and the
reconciliation between the poet and his lost object are less discussed. This thesis
approaches Keats's melancholy in psychoanalytic methods, probing into the texts to
investigate how the melancholic mood arrests the poet. Indeed, The poet, disturbed by
his dream-like vision with the three figures—Love, Poesy, and Ambition—begins his
quest for the lost indolence in the spring odes. From "Ode to Psyche," "Ode to a
Nightingale," to "Ode on a Grecian Urn," Keats pursues the three figures in their
corresponding odes, but in vain. The poet then even faces a death threat from his
imaginary urn-doppelganger. Unable to deal with the urn, the poet develops a
metaphorical language structure to defend himself against death with a series of
metaphors in "Ode on Melancholy." The metaphorical language, soon, overwhelms
the poet and drowns him in the illusions of eternal life. And therefore, in "Ode on
Indolence," the poet has failed to escape from the three figures, for they are the only
connections to the lost indolence and the easeful melancholic mood. However, in "To
Autumn," the poet frees himself from the melancholic mood. By personifying
Autumn, Keats confronts the enigmatic Other with his language, recovers the cause of
desire, and finally redeems himself from his melancholic mood that troubles him in
the first half year of 1819.

論文審定書 i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
Chapter 2: "Away! Away! For I Will Fly to Thee": Keats's Quest for Melancholy in the Spring Odes 22
Chapter 3: "No, No, Go not to Lethe": Keats's Suicidal Behaviors and the Desire for Eternity 44
Chapter 4: "Where Are the Songs of Spring? Ay, Where Are They?": "To Autumn" and the Spring Odes 64
Chapter 5: Conclusion: Keats's Resolutions to Melancholy 79
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