隨著電力需求的增加，對環境保護與核能及火力電廠退役的關注日益增加，電力公司面臨各種挑戰。再生能源如太陽光電、風能，結合儲能系統正快速的融入網路，有效的協調這些分散式資源不僅可以減少對系統的影響還可以為系統運轉提供支援。
本研究利用虛擬電廠的概念將分散式資源整合到配電系統中，為配電系統運轉商提供輔助服務。文中提出了幾種輔助服務的數學公式，包括最佳化線路損失、緩解壅塞、電壓調節以及復電支援。探討在正常和緊急情況下在饋線層級虛擬電廠資源之調度，並證明了可藉由調度分散式資源提高系統效能與可靠度。

With the increase of power demand, rising concern of environment protection and decommission of nuclear and fossil fuel power plants, the utility companies are facing with various challenges. Renewable energy, such as solar photovoltaic, wind power in conjunction with energy storage system are integrated to the network in a rapid speed. Effective Coordination of these distributed energy resources could not only reduce the impacts to the system but also provide supports to system operations.
This research uses the concept of virtual power plant to integrate the distributed resources in the distribution system to provide ancillary services to distribution system operator. Mathematical formulations of several ancillary services, including line losses optimization, congestion relief, voltage regulation and service restoration support, are presented. The dispatch of virtual power plant resources in a feeder level network during normal and emergency situations are studied and the enhancement of system efficiency and reliability due to the dispatch of the distributed energy resources is demonstrated.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 相關文獻回顧 3
1.3 論文架構 8
第二章 虛擬電廠輔助服務支援 10
2.1 虛擬電廠系統架構 10
2.2 太陽能發電 11
2.3 風力發電 13
2.4 負載模型 15
2.5 時間電價方案 16
2.6 電動車負載 21
2.7 輔助服務 23
第三章 系統運轉支援最佳調度 24
3.1 正常運轉下配電調度支援 27
3.1.1 最佳化線路損失 27
3.1.2 緩和超載情況 30
3.1.3 改善系統運轉電壓 32
3.2 虛擬電廠最佳化調度 36
3.3 虛擬電廠復電調度支援 41
第四章 案例模擬與結果分析 50
4.1 模擬案例 50
4.2 模擬結果 53
4.2.1 降低線路損失 53
4.2.2 改善電壓問題 58
4.2.3 降低超載問題 59
4.2.4 虛擬電廠調度 61
4.2.5 復電支援 64
4.2.6 敏感度分析 71
4.3 討論 78
第五章 結論及未來研究方向 80
5.1 結論 80
5.2 未來研究方向 81
參考文獻 82
附錄 模擬系統資料與結果 86
A 模擬系統1 86
B 模擬系統2 89
C 模擬系統3 92
D 模擬系統4 96
E 改善電壓問題調度結果 98
F 降低超載問題調度結果 110

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