本論文針對含汽電共生系統之大型工業用戶及含風力發電系統之配電系統，探討含分散式電源微電網系統之運轉策略及保護措施。首先考量分散式電源之運轉控制模式，建立汽電共生機組與風力機組之數學模型，再建立微電網系統及其鄰近電力系統網路架構，依據分散式電源輸出特性及微電網內之負載用電模型，分析微電網於故障發生前之穩態負載潮流。當外部系統發生嚴重事故時，為了維持分散式發電機組之穩定運轉及避免電壓敏感性重要負載跳脫，因此微電網必須及時與外部電力系統故障隔離。針對大型工業用戶微電網，考量汽電共生機組之故障穿透能力及重要負載之電壓降容忍度，藉由電力系統暫態穩定度分析，決定微電網與台電系統聯結線解聯之高頻、低頻及低電壓保護電驛之設定，此外考量汽電共生機組調速系統之響應，設計以低頻及低電壓的方式來執行卸載策略。
另外針對含風力發電系統之配電微電網，考慮風速的時變性及配電系統負載的變化所造成之饋線電壓變動，利用靜態同步補償器作適應性之無效功率補償，除了有效改善配電饋線之電壓降而維持風機之輸出端電壓，當外部電力系統發生故障時，亦可改善配電微電網之暫態響應。此外考量風機之低電壓忍受能力及故障臨界清除時間，決定微電網之低電壓保護設定，為了有效達成配電微電網之孤島運轉，設計以類神經網路為基礎之配電微電網與外部系統解聯的時機與卸載策略，以風速、饋線負載量及微電網系統電壓做為類神經網路之輸入變數，快速計算微電網與外部電力系統聯結線斷路器之臨界跳脫時機及微電網之適應性卸載量。最後藉由電力系統暫態穩定度電腦模擬，分析外部電力系統可能的故障，以驗證大型工業用戶及配電系統微電網能夠及時跳脫聯結線而形成孤島運轉，使分散式電源於外部電力系統擾動下能恢復穩定運轉，以提高微電網之重要負載供電可靠。

This dissertation is to design the operation strategy and protective scheme of micro-grid systems with dispersed generation (DG). The industrial power system with cogeneration units and the distribution feeder with wind power generators were selected as the study micro-grids for computer simulation. The mathematical models of cogeneration units and wind generators were included in the computer simulation by considering the operation control modes of DGs. The micro-grid systems and the nearby utility networks were constructed to solve the power flows of the micro-grids with various operation scenarios of power generation and load demand. For the severe external fault contingencies, the micro-grids have to be isolated from the utility power system in time to prevent the tripping of critical loads and DGs. By considering the fault ride through capability of cogenerators and voltage tolerance curves of critical loads, the critical tripping time (CTT) of tie circuit breaker of the micro-grids was determined according to the transient stability analysis. To maintain the stable operation of the micro-grids after tie line tripping, the load shedding scheme was designed by applying the under frequency and under voltage relays to disconnect the proper amount of non-critical loads according to the governor responses of cogeneration units.
For the micro-grid of distribution feeder with wind power generator, the STATCOM was used to provide adaptive reactive power compensation for the mitigation of voltage fluctuation due to the variation of wind speed and feeder loading. The STATCOM can also be applied for the support of terminal voltage of wind generator (WG) to enhance the transient response of the micro-grid. The CTT of tie circuit breaker was determined by considering the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability and the critical fault cleaning time of WG. To achieve more effective islanding operation of the micro-grids, the artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to determine the proper timing for tie line tripping and the proper amount of load shedding by using the wind speed, feeder loading and the voltage of micro-grid system as the input of ANN. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed tie line tripping and load shedding scheme, different fault contingencies of the external utility network have been simulated by using the computer program for the transient stability analysis. It is found that the critical and voltage sensitive loads of the micro-grid can be maintained when the tie circuit breaker is activated to isolate the external fault in time and followed by the execution of load shedding scheme.

論文摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XIV
符號說明 XV
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與目的 1
1-2 研究方法與步驟 4
1-3 論文主要貢獻 8
1-4 論文章節概要 9
第二章 分散式發電系統 12
2-1 前言 12
2-2 汽電共生系統 13
2-2-1 汽電共生系統運轉與控制 14
2-2-1-1 蒸汽鍋爐系統 16
2-2-1-2 發電機調速系統 18
2-2-2 同步發電機與激磁系統 22
2-2-2-1 同步發電機數學模型 22
2-2-2-2 激磁系統數學模型 25
2-2-3 汽電共生機組暫態分析 28
2-3 風力發電系統 31
2-3-1 風力發電系統運轉與控制 32
2-3-2 感應發電機數學模型 37
2-3-3 感應發電機暫態分析 38
第三章 靜態同步補償器之虛功率補償 45
3-1 前言 45
3-2 靜態虛功補償器與靜態同步補償器架構及原理 46
3-3 靜態同步補償器數學模型與控制模式 51
3-4 靜態同步補償器之電壓穩定度改善 56
第四章 含分散式發電之微電網運轉分析 59
4-1 前言 59
4-2 大型工業用戶微電網 60
4-2-1 焚化廠電力系統微電網架構與運轉分析 62
4-2-2 鋼鐵廠電力系統微電網架構與運轉分析 66
4-3 配電系統微電網 69
4-3-1 含風力發電與STATCOM之配電微電網架構與運轉分析 71
第五章 大型工業用戶微電網解聯與卸載策略 78
5-1 前言 78
5-2 大型工業用戶微電網運轉保護措施 79
5-2-1 微電網高低頻率保護 80
5-2-2 微電網低電壓保護 84
5-2-3 敏感性負載之電壓容忍曲線 85
5-3 大型工業用戶微電網解聯及卸載策略 86
5-3-1 鋼鐵廠微電網解聯電驛設定 88
5-3-2 鋼鐵廠微電網卸載策略 90
5-4 大型工業用戶微電網故障分析 91
5-4-1 台電系統故障實例 92
5-4-2 鋼鐵廠微電網孤島運轉 94
5-4-2-1 台電系統鳳農變電所故障模擬 94
5-4-2-2 南工匯流排(乙)故障模擬 97
5-4-2-3 高港匯流排(乙)故障模擬 98
5-4-3 焚化廠微電網孤島運轉 99
5-4-3-1 焚化廠與台電系統聯結專線故障模擬 100
5-4-3-2 南工(甲)與高港(甲)之161kV傳輸線故障模擬101
5-4-3-3 高港匯流排(甲)故障模擬 102
第六章 應用類神經網路設計配電微電網解聯與卸載策略104
6-1 前言 104
6-2 配電微電網低電壓保護 105
6-3 以STATCOM改善風機故障忍受能力 107
6-4 類神經網路設計 109
6-4-1 神經元簡介 110
6-4-2 類神經網路架構 112
6-4-3 類神經網路之訓練模式 113
6-5 應用類神經網路於微電網解聯及卸載策略之設計120
6-5-1 含風力發電之配電微電網解聯設計 123
6-5-2 含風力發電之配電微電網卸載策略 125
6-6 含風力發電之配電微電網故障分析 129
6-6-1 日安饋線故障及時清除 130
6-6-2 日安饋線故障延時清除 132
6-7 本章結論 136
第七章 結論與未來研究方向 138
7-1 結論 138
7-2 未來研究方向 139
參考文獻 141
論文著作 149
作者簡歷 151

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