儲能系統是未來再生能源併入電網以維持電力品質及提高系統穩定性不可或缺的重要設備，但是目前由於其建置成本昂貴，進而會降低裝設意願。如今電動車的普及，汰役下來的電池作為儲能設備變成降低儲能設備建置成本的主要方案。電動車電池當其健康狀態低於80%時就已不適合在電動車繼續使用，但是實際上它還是含有相當不錯的儲、釋能能力。本論文透過汰役電池與功率優化器組合成可調度儲能設備，解決因各別電池健康狀態、電量狀態等差異造成互相影響，使得電能無法有效充入及釋出的問題。本研究對於汰役電池組作為儲能設備的使用提出一套充放電策略，根據電池狀態及負載需求建立最佳化問題求解各汰役電池組最佳充、放電功率比例，同時滿足負載需求，使系統在儲釋能時可以更有效率，以提高汰役電池二次使用價值。

Battery storage systems play an important role in integrating renewable energy into the grid, however they are less popular due to their high initial cost. When the state-of-health (SOH) of the batteries in Electric Vehicle (EV) are lower than 80%, they are not suitable for EVs. But, they still can be used in energy storage applications. If the used EV batteries could be utilized in battery storage system, it can significantly reduce the initial cost of storage system. In this thesis, a power optimizer concept is introduced to manage the batteries with varying levels of SOH and state-of-charge (SOC). The charging & discharging currents of individual battery packs are controlled to deliver the optimal power and energy capacity of the whole battery energy system. Study results indicate that using the proposed charging and discharging strategies, it can reduce the initial cost of storage system and increase use value of the batteries.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 相關文獻回顧 2
1.2.1 二次電池類別比較 2
1.2.2 汰役電池特性與回收利用 7
1.2.3 電池管理系統 9
1.2.4 電池電量平衡電路 11
1.2.5 功率優化器應用 17
1.3 論文貢獻與章節架構 20
第二章 電池等效模型與電池狀態估測 21
2.1 電池等效模型 21
2.2 電池充電技術 26
2.3 電池電量狀態估測技術 30
2.4 電池健康狀態估測技術 33
第三章 儲能設備架構-功率優化器與汰役電池結合模組 36
3.1 鎳氫電池特性 36
3.2 功率優化器-降昇壓型轉換器 38
3.3 含功率優化器之串聯模組架構 45
3.4 模組以先串後並聯方式連接架構 46
第四章 含功率優化器之汰役電池充放電策略及模擬實測結果 48
4.1 模組串聯放電運轉 48
4.1.1 使用環境假設與目標說明 48
4.1.2 儲能系統放電流程 49
4.1.3 最佳化放電目標函數與限制條件 50
4.1.4 放電模擬結果比較 53
4.2 模組串聯充電運轉 69
4.2.1 使用情境假設與目標說明 69
4.2.2 儲能系統充電流程 70
4.2.3 最佳化充電目標函數與限制條件 71
4.2.4 充電模擬結果比較 73
4.3 模組串並聯放電運轉模擬分析 76
4.4 放電實例驗證 80
4.4.1 測試電路架構說明 80
4.4.2 模組串聯放電實驗 81
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 86
5.1 結論 86
5.2 未來研究方向 87
參考文獻 89

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