摘要
毛蝦屬於一種大型終生浮游甲殼動物，其在物種演化方面的
研究，浮游生物族群結構的探討及中型毛蝦分類地位的研究，可
利用遺傳基因分析法深入研究。本研究利用PCR 增幅五種毛蝦粒
線體DNA 的16S rDNA 及COI 兩個基因的部分片段，並加以定
序，得到毛蝦在16S rDNA 的種間遺傳距離為2.65~13.16%，COI
片段為1.43~25.42%，顯示COI 片段DNA 序列的變異性較16S
rDNA 為大;另外將COI 片段轉為氨基酸序列，其種間氨基酸序列
上的遺傳距離，介於1.83%~8.97%之間，可發現氨基酸序列的種
間遺傳距離明顯小於DNA 序列種間的遺傳距離。利用上述序列資
料為部分毛蝦建立一系統演化樹圖，在DNA 序列的結果部分，距
離矩陣演化圖及最儉約演化樹圖將毛蝦分為紅毛蝦群及日本毛
蝦群，演化關係上發現日本毛蝦為毛蝦的較原始種，而紅毛蝦為
較晚演化的種，與Omori 根據外部型態推測紅毛蝦為毛蝦的原始
種的假設是不同的。本研究由氨基酸序列構築的演化樹圖，得到
紅毛蝦為較接近原始的種類。而中型毛蝦在這兩個片段的與紅毛
蝦的遺傳距離為5.44 及18.01%，表示中型毛蝦和紅毛蝦為不同的
兩個種。以16S rDNA 片段來分析日本毛蝦的種內差異，發現位
於日本海海域的族群及台中港所捕獲的個體僅差一個鹽基，而中
型毛蝦在台灣海域種內族群間的遺傳變異，得到各地區”族群內”
的變異為0~0.5%之間，而高雄港、台中港和東港海域”族群間”
的遺傳變異為0.02~0.50 %，顯示這三個海域的中型毛蝦應為同一
族群。

Abstract
Acetes is a kind of macroholozooplankton. We can use the "genetic
analysis to know its evolution, zooplankton population structure and taxa.
The step is :ampified the 16S rDNA of the mitochondrial DNA and the
COI fragment DNA in Acetes, and then sequence. We get the genetic
distance between species of the 16S rDNA is 2.65~13.16%, and it's
1.43~25.42% of the COI fragment gene in Acetes. These results show that
the diversity of COI fragment DNA in Acetes is more than the 16S rDNA
of the mitochondria DNA. If we translated the COI gene DNA to amino
acid sequence, the genetic distance between species of the amino acid
sequence is about 1.83%~8.97%. By the way, we know that the genetic
distance between species of the amino acid sequences are clearly less
then the DNA sequences. Using the genetic data, we constructure a
phylogenetic tree. The tree divided the Acetes into two group : Japonicus
group and Erythraeus group, we can find the Acetes japonicus is the most
permitive species and the A. erythraeus is the last specation species in the
Acetes under the DNA sequences. But under the tree which was made
from the amino acid sequence, we found the Acetes erythraeus is the
most permitive species in the Acetes. The genetic distance between A.
intermedius and A. erythreaus were 5.44% and 18.01% of the 16S rDNA
and COI gene which indicated that the A. intermedius is true species. The
population of A. japonicus between Japon Sea and Taiwan showed 0.24%
and 2.36% of the 16S rDNA and COI gene that reveled two population
should have gene-flow. The populations diversity of the A. intermedius in
Taiwan showed the same way which had no different and the populations
in Taiwan should be a single population.

目錄
謝誌 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅰ
中文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅱ
英文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅲ
目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅳ
表目錄---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅴ
圖目錄 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅶ
壹、前言 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1
貳、材料與方法 ----------------------------------------------------- 15
參、結果 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 26
肆、討論 --------------------------------------------------------------- 34
伍、參考文獻 --------------------------------------------------------- 40
陸、圖表 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 50
附錄 A----------------------------------------------------------------------- 84
附錄 B----------------------------------------------------------------------- 91
附錄 C----------------------------------------------------------------------- 95

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