本論文嘗試對磷酸鋰鐵電池擬定操作策略，增加使用者在應用時的效率與彈性。此策略於一般應用時，犧牲部分可用電量，將磷酸鋰鐵電池運用於內阻較小的電壓平坦區間，以縮短充電時間，提高能量轉換效率，並經由電池過充放電實驗及健康狀態(State-of-health, SOH)追蹤，擴展安全使用的上下限範圍。本文分析磷酸鋰鐵電池的充放電特性，歸納出高效率的電量利用區間，以定電流充電為基礎，提出電壓微分法，執行充放電，實現此操作策略。採電壓微分法，不須依賴電池廠商提供之充放電參數，也不用考慮電池當下的電量狀態(State-of-charge, SOC)與個別特性差異，以電量對電壓的微分，設定高效率應用區間的充放電截止條件。
本研究中以三種不同廠牌(分別以A、S、K命名)的磷酸鋰鐵電池驗證此操作策略的可行性，並與目前常用的定電流-定電壓(Constant-current constant-voltage, CC-CV)法比較。實驗結果顯示，於1 C的充放電流下， A牌與S牌的電池採電壓微分法，犧牲約12 %與10 %的容量，但可縮短16 %與12 %的充電時間，且充放電能量效率分別提升0.76 %與0.49 %。另外，K牌電池減少約20 %的應用容量，但可縮短31 %的充電時間，提升0.50 %的能量效率。最後以A牌電池為例，於特殊應用中，可過充入13 %的電量；若遇緊急狀態時，尚保有9 %供緊急應變彈性利用的電量。

This research attempts to develop a tactical operational strategy for the lithium iron phosphate battery to improve the energy efficiency and flexibility. To improve the energy efficiency and shorten the charging time, the proposed strategy sacrifices a part of the available capacity by making use of the flat-voltage region for general purpose running. On the other hand, the upper and lower limits of the safe operation can be expanded in accordance with the experimental evidences of over-charging/discharging and state-of-health (SOH) tracking. To realize this operation strategy, the battery charging and discharging characteristics are analyzed to induce the more efficient operation region. Accordingly, the voltage differential approach is figured out with constant-current charging. Then, the cut-off points can be determined without the need of the battery parameters from the manufacturer or an accurate estimation of the state-of-charge (SOC), disregarding to differences on battery operating characteristics.
The feasibility of the proposed strategy has been demonstrated with three different brands of lithium iron phosphate batteries, which are named as A, S, and K, respectively. As compared to the conventionally used constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) scheme with a charging/discharging rate of 1 C, Batteries A and S with the differential voltage approach, have a less capacity of 12 % and 10 %, but can shorten the charging time by 16 % and 12 % with improved energy efficiencies of 0.76 % and 0.49 %, respectively, while Battery K has a reduced capacity of about 20 %, but a 31 % shorter charging time with an improved energy efficiency of 0.50 %. Exemplar experiments indicate that Battery A can be over charged by 13 % for a predicative longer duration and has a residual capacity of 9 % for emergent running.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
符號表 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-2 論文大綱 3
第二章 鋰離子電池與充電方法 4
2-1 鋰離子電池介紹 4
2-2 充電方法 9
2-3 實驗設置與符號定義 12
第三章 鋰離子電池充放電特性 16
3-1 鋰離子電池特性實測 16
3-2 過充放電特性 20
第四章 電壓微分充放電法 29
4-1 電壓微分法 29
4-2 轉折點之有載電壓與電量特性 31
4-3 實驗驗證 34
4-4 電壓微分法之老化趨勢 40
第五章 結論與未來研究 42
5-1 結論 42
5-2 未來研究方向 45
參考文獻 46

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