第一部份
鼻咽癌是中國南方常發生的惡性腫瘤，多種與鼻咽癌有關的危險因子已被發現，但鼻咽癌形成的分子機制仍不是很清楚。為了要研究c-myc、cyclin D1、p16、p27及Rb蛋白在鼻咽癌中的表現情形，我們使用免疫組織染色的方法，偵測46個南台灣鼻咽癌檢體。有31/45（69﹪）的檢體沒有p16蛋白的表現；Rb蛋白34/46（73.9﹪）強烈表現；29/41（70.7﹪）有c-myc蛋白的表現；cyclin D1在鼻咽癌中沒有過量表現的情形；p27有32/46（69.6﹪）呈現較高的表現量，與其它腫瘤呈現相反的關係。除了c-myc 沒有表現的病人易發生頸部轉移（P＜0.05），其它蛋白與病人的臨床疾病特性都沒有顯著的相關性。
第二部分
為了要更瞭解鼻咽癌，我們探討新建立兩株鼻咽癌細胞株（NPCGK 01, NPCGK 02）之腫瘤特性。鼻咽癌腫瘤檢體作初代培養，並建立細胞株後做腫瘤特性分析。NPCGK 01為分化癌，NPCGK 02為未分化癌。兩株細胞繼代超過25代。兩株細胞都有染色體終端酵素活性；都會表現hTERT基因；keratin-19表現量都很強；TGFâ第一型接受體表現量較多；且c-myc、c-fos及cyclin D1三種致癌基因都有過量表現的情形；Rb蛋白表現較正常上皮細胞強；分化癌細胞株的p16基因具有降調節的情形且p27基因幾乎不表現，但p21蛋白則過量表現。總之，兩株鼻咽癌細胞生長能力較正常細胞強，具有一般癌細胞生長特性，致癌蛋白都過量表現，腫瘤抑制蛋白表現不正常，這些因素可能都與鼻咽癌的發生有極大的關係。

第一部份
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma（NPC） is a malignant tumor which occurs at high incidence in southern China. Several risk factors have now been recognized, but the molecular mechanism of this disease is not well understood. To investigate the c-myc、cyclin D1、p16、p27 and Rb gene expression in NPC at protein level, 46 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in southern Taiwan were detected by immunohistochemistry. There was no detectable p16 in 31/45 cases（69﹪）； 34/46 cases（73.9﹪）had intense staining for the Rb protein； 29（70.7﹪）of 41 cases had c-myc protein expression；cyclin D1 was not overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma； 32（69.6﹪）of 46 cases had high level expression of p27, which was inverse correlation with other tumors. No expression of c-myc protein correlated with higher neck metastasis（P＜0.05）. No correlation was found between other proteins and any of the clinicopathological parameters.

第二部份
To better understand nasopharyngeal carcinoma（NPC）, we have newly established two NPC cell lines. Biopsy specimens from NPC patients were collected, primary culture were set up. Two NPC cell lines were established：NPCGK 01 was derived from differentiated carcinoma and NPCGK 02 was derived from undifferentiated carcinoma. Two cell lines have been passaged for more than 25 times. Two cell lines had telomerase activity；strong expression of hTERT gene and keratin-19 gene were also observed. TGFβ RI protein expression of these NPC cell lines is higher than normal epithelial cell.The oncogenes, c-myc、c-fos and cyclin D1 were overexpressed. The Rb protein was expressed stronger than normal epithelial cells. NPCGK 01 that was derived from differentiated carcinoma had p16 down-regulation and p27 gene not expression, but p21 protein had excess expression. In short, two cell lines had cancer cell characteristics, oncoproteins were overexpression and tumor suppressor proteins were abnormal expression. This result may lead to tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

第一部份：
壹、緒論-------------------------------------- -1
一、前言----------------------------------------1
二、細胞週期------------------------------------2
三、各論----------------------------------------3
（一）致癌基因------------------------------- --4
（二）腫瘤抑制基因-----------------------------10
四、總結---------------------------------------16
五、鼻咽癌-------------------------------------18
貳、研究目的-----------------------------------24
參、材料與方法---------------------------------25
一、材料-------------------------------------- 25
二、方法
　免疫組織化學染色法---------------------------25
三、統計分析方法-------------------------------26
肆、實驗結果-----------------------------------27
伍、討論---------------------------------------43
圖：
圖1.------------------------------------------5
圖2.-----------------------------------------19
圖3.-----------------------------------------30
圖4.-----------------------------------------35
圖5.-----------------------------------------38
圖6.-----------------------------------------39
圖7.-----------------------------------------40
圖8.-----------------------------------------41
圖9.-----------------------------------------42

表：
表1.-----------------------------------------19
表2.-----------------------------------------30
表3.-----------------------------------------32
表4.-----------------------------------------43

第二部分：
壹、緒論---------------------------------------47
貳、研究目的-----------------------------------60
參、材料與方法
一、鼻咽癌細胞初代培養-------------------------61
二、固著非依賴性生長分析-----------------------62
三、Total RNA之萃取----------------------------63
四、反轉錄聚合酵素連鎖反應---------------------63
五、西方墨點分析-------------------------------64
1. 蛋白質的萃取--------------------------------64
2. 蛋白質定量----------------------------------64
3. SDS-聚丙烯醯銨膠體電泳的製作--------------- 65
4. 電泳及轉漬----------------------------------66
5. blocking----------------------------------- 67
6. 初級抗體作用--------------------------------67
7. 次級抗體作用--------------------------------68
8. 檢測蛋白質----------------------------------68
六、終端酵素活性之偵測-------------------------69
七、Cytokeratin-19定量分析---------------------70
八、免疫細胞染色法-----------------------------70
肆、結果---------------------------------------74
伍、討論---------------------------------------89
陸、參考文獻-----------------------------------93
圖：
圖1.-----------------------------------------43
圖2.-----------------------------------------77
圖3.-----------------------------------------79
圖4.-----------------------------------------82
圖5.-----------------------------------------85
圖6.-----------------------------------------88

表：
表1.-----------------------------------------72
表2.-----------------------------------------73

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