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博碩士論文 etd-0808101-142627 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0808101-142627
論文名稱
Title
溫鹽對文蛤、西施舌之鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量影響之研究
none
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
70
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2001-07-26
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2001-08-08
關鍵字
Keywords
文蛤、耗氧量、鰓纖毛運動、西施舌
Meretrix lusoria, the speed of ciliary movement of the gill, Sanguinolaria rostrata, oxygen consumption
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5642 times, has been downloaded 0 times.
中文摘要
摘要
在20、25、30、35℃及5、10、15、20、25、30psu,共24組溫鹽組合下,分別測試溫度及鹽度對文蛤和西施舌鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量的影響。其結果顯示,在相同鹽度下,兩種貝類的鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量均隨著溫度的升高而增加。文蛤在30℃時達到最大值,但在35℃時,鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量反而會變小。但西施舌則無此現象,在35℃時,鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量有最大值,顯示西施舌比文蛤能適應較高的溫度。在相同溫度下,兩種貝類的鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量均隨鹽度增加而成峰形變化,依溫度不同,耗氧量及鰓纖毛運動達到最大值時的鹽度亦不同,但範圍均在15~25psu,可知兩種貝類均偏好棲息於半淡鹹水的河口地區。

所有溫鹽組合中,文蛤鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量在30℃、20psu時平均值最大,分別為1.23cm/min及1.78mgO2/hr/g。最大值與最小值相差倍率分別為2.5及2.8。西施舌的鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量則以35℃、25psu時為最大,分別為1.64cm/min及1.45 mgO2/hr/g。最大值與最小值相差倍率分別為4.0及5.8。由此可知,溫鹽改變對西施舌生理變化的影響較顯著。

在相同的4組溫度(20、25、30、35℃)及10、20、30psu,共12組溫鹽組合下,分別測試其對小文蛤和小西施舌鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量的影響。結果發現,小個體鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量受溫鹽影響之變化趨勢與大個體大致相似。顯示在此溫鹽範圍內,大小個體具有相似的生理模式。小文蛤的鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量在30℃、20psu時有最大平均值,分別為1.31cm/min及5.56 mgO2/hr/g。最大值與最小值相差倍率分別為2.5及3.0。小西施舌的鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量在35℃、20psu時有最大平均值,分別為1.67cm/min及3.96mgO2/hr/g。最大值與最小值相差倍率分別為2.9及7.1。小西施舌的耗氧量增加倍率會比鰓纖毛運動大,溫鹽改變對小西施舌生理變化的影響較顯著。

兩種貝類的鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量間的相關係數均在0.94~0.97,顯示鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量之間具有高度的正相關性,因此以鰓纖毛運動做為生理指標是可行的方法。若是瞬間改變溫度5℃或鹽度10psu,文蛤的鰓纖毛運動也會跟著改變,然後隨著時間而逐漸趨於穩定。在經過50~70分鐘,便沒有明顯的變化。故溫鹽之瞬間改變時,雖然我們無法直接監測到文蛤之耗氧量變化,但由鰓纖毛運動的測定可知,文蛤之生理調節約在一小時後,即可達到穩定。

在35℃,5psu下,文蛤會發生死亡,但西施舌則無此現象,顯示西施舌比文蛤更能適應低鹽的環境,且西施舌也比文蛤更能適應高溫,因此在南部地區西施舌應比文蛤更容易飼養。在本實驗溫鹽範圍內,溫度的影響較鹽度具重要性,因此在文蛤及西施舌的養殖上,溫度的變化比鹽度的變化更值得受到重視。

Abstract
Abstract
The combinations of four temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35℃) and six salinities (5, 10, 15, 20 ,25, 30psu ) were employed to study the effects of environmental factors on the speed of ciliary movement of the gill and the oxygen consumption of hard clam Meretrix lusoria and purple clam Sanguinolaria rostrata. The results show that, at the same salinities, the speed of ciliary movement of the gill and the oxygen consumption of M. lusoria increased with increasing temperature and reached the maximum at 30℃, but declined at 35℃. In contrast , the speed of ciliary movement of the gill and the oxygen consumption of S. rostrata increased with increasing temperature, and the maximum was at 35℃. S. rostrata can adapt to higher temperature than M. lusoria does. At the same temperature, the speed of ciliary movement of the gill and the oxygen consumption of two bivalves increased with increasing salinity, reaching its maximum at 15~25psu, and declining at higher salinity ranges. These two bivalves like to live in estuaries.

The maximal speed of ciliary movement of the gill and the maximal oxygen consumption of M. lusoria occurred at 30℃, 20 psu (1.23 cm/min and 1.78 mgO2/hr/g, respectively). The ratio of the maximun to the minimun were 2.5 and 2.8, respectively. The maximal speed of ciliary movement of the gill and the maximal oxygen consumption of S. rostrata were at 35℃, 25 psu (1.64 cm/min and 1.45 mgO2/hr/g, respectively). The ratio of the maximun to the minimun were 4.0 and 5.8, respectively. Temperature and salinity had more remarkable effects on S. rostrata than on M. lusoria.

In another experiment, the combinations of four temperatures (20 ,25 ,30 ,35℃) and three salinities (10, 20, 30 psu) were employed to study the effects on the speed of ciliary movement of the gill and the oxygen consumption of small M. lusoria and small S. rostrata. The results show that the effects of all temperature-salinity combination on the speed of ciliary movement of the gill and the oxygen consumption of the small bivalves were similar to that of the large ones. The physiological conditions of the small bivalves were similar to that of the large ones. The maximal speed of ciliary movement of the gill and the maximal oxygen consumption of small M. lusoria were at 30℃, 20 psu (1.31 cm/min and 5.56 mgO2/hr/g, respectively). The ratio of the maximun to the minimun were 2.5 and 3.0, respectively. The maximal speed of ciliary movement of the gill and the maximal oxygen consumption of small S. rostrata were at 35℃, 20 psu (1.67 cm/min and 3.96 mgO2/hr/g, respectively). The ratio of the maximun to the minimun were 2.9 and 7.1, respectively. Temperature and salinity had more remarkable effects on small S. rostrata than small M. lusoria.

Our results also show that the oxygen consumption is positively correlated with the speed of ciliary movement of the gill in both bivalves (R2﹥0.94). The speed of ciliary movement of the gill can be regarded as an physiological indicator. The speed of ciliary movement of the gill of M. lusoria changed very significantly when the temperature was suddenly changed 5℃ or when the salinity was suddenly changed 10psu. The condition then stabilized only gradually. The speed of ciliary movement of the gill showed no pronounced variations after 50~70 minutes. We found that when the temperature or salinity was changed suddenly, the physiological condition of M. lusoria was disturbed and became stable after 70 minutes.

M. lusoria died at 5psu (35℃), but S. rostrata didn’t. S. rostrata can adapt to higher temperature and lower salinity. The cultivation of S. rostrata is easier than M. lusoria. The effects of temperature changes were more significant than those of salinity. Temperature variations were more important than salinity variations on cultivation of M. lusoria and S. rostrata.

目次 Table of Contents
目錄

章次 頁次

壹、前言 1

貳、材料與方法 5

參、結果 13

肆、討論 19

伍、參考文獻 29

表目錄

表次 頁次

表1、文蛤在20℃下不同鹽度間鰓纖毛運動以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 40

表2、文蛤在25℃下不同鹽度間鰓纖毛運動以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 40

表3、文蛤在30℃下不同鹽度間鰓纖毛運動以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 41

表4、文蛤在35℃下不同鹽度間鰓纖毛運動以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 41

表5、文蛤在20℃下不同鹽度間耗氧量以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 42

表6、文蛤在25℃下不同鹽度間耗氧量以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 42

表7、文蛤在30℃下不同鹽度間耗氧量以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 43

表8、文蛤在35℃下不同鹽度間耗氧量以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 43

表9、西施舌在20℃下不同鹽度間鰓纖毛運動以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 44

表10、西施舌在25℃下不同鹽度間鰓纖毛運動以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 44

表11、西施舌在30℃下不同鹽度間鰓纖毛運動以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 45
表12、西施舌在20℃下不同鹽度間鰓纖毛運動以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 45

表13、西施舌在20℃下不同鹽度間耗氧量以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 46

表14、西施舌在25℃下不同鹽度間耗氧量以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 46

表15、西施舌在30℃下不同鹽度間耗氧量以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 47

表16、西施舌在35℃下不同鹽度間耗氧量以單變方分析及
Duncan多範圍檢定 47

表17、不同溫鹽組合下兩種貝類鰓纖毛運動之最大及最小值 48

表18、不同溫鹽組合下兩種貝類耗氧量之最大及最小值 48

表19、溫鹽對文蛤鰓纖毛運動影響以雙因子變異數分析 49

表20、溫鹽對小文蛤鰓纖毛運動影響以雙因子變異數分析 49

表21、溫鹽對文蛤耗氧量影響以雙因子變異數分析 50

表22、溫鹽對小文蛤耗氧量影響以雙因子變異數分析… 50

表23、溫鹽對西施舌鰓纖毛運動影響以雙因子變異數分析 51

表24、溫鹽對小西施舌鰓纖毛運動影響以雙因子變異數分析 51

表25、溫鹽對西施舌耗氧量影響以雙因子變異數分析 52

表26、溫鹽對小西施舌耗氧量影響以雙因子變異數分析 52

表27、在20psu下溫度對文蛤鰓纖毛運動之影響 53

表28、在20psu下餵食I. galbana時溫度對文蛤濾食之影響 53

表29、在20psu下餵食T. chui時溫度對文蛤濾食之影響 53

表30、在25psu下溫度對文蛤鰓纖毛運動之影響 54

表31、在25psu下餵食I. galbana時溫度對文蛤濾食之影響 54

表32、在25psu下餵食T. chui時溫度對文蛤濾食之影響 54


圖目錄

圖次 頁次

圖1、鰓纖毛運動實驗之裝置圖 55

圖2、耗氧量實驗之裝置圖 56

圖3、在20psu、25℃下24hr文蛤鰓纖毛運動之變化 57

圖4、在20psu、25℃下8hr西施舌鰓纖毛運動之變化 57

圖5、不同溫鹽度對文蛤鰓纖毛運動之影響 58

圖6、不同溫鹽度對文蛤耗氧量之影響 58

圖7、不同溫鹽度對西施舌鰓纖毛運動之影響 59

圖8、不同溫鹽度對西施舌耗氧量之影響 59

圖9、不同溫鹽度對小文蛤鰓纖毛運動之影響 60

圖10、不同溫鹽度對小文蛤耗氧量之影響 60

圖11、不同溫鹽度對小西施舌鰓纖毛運動之影響 61

圖12、不同溫鹽度對小西施舌耗氧量之影響 61

圖13a、10psu下大小文蛤耗氧量之比較 62

圖13b、20psu下大小文蛤耗氧量之比較 62

圖13c、30psu下大小文蛤耗氧量之比較 62

圖14a、10psu下大小文蛤鰓纖毛運動之比較 63

圖14b、20psu下大小文蛤鰓纖毛運動之比較 63

圖14c、30psu下大小文蛤鰓纖毛運動之比較 63

圖15a、10psu下大小西施舌耗氧量之比較 64

圖15b、20psu下大小西施舌耗氧量之比較 64

圖15c、30psu下大小西施舌耗氧量之比較 64

圖16a、10psu下大小西施舌鰓纖毛運動之比較 65

圖16b、20psu下大小西施舌鰓纖毛運動之比較 65

圖16c、30psu下大小西施舌鰓纖毛運動之比較 65

圖17、文蛤鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量之迴歸線性圖 66

圖18、小文蛤鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量之迴歸線性圖 66

圖19、西施舌鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量之迴歸線性圖 67

圖20、小西施舌鰓纖毛運動及耗氧量之迴歸線性圖 67

圖21、瞬間改變水位文蛤鰓纖毛運動之變化 68

圖22、瞬間將溫度由25℃升到30℃文蛤鰓纖毛運動之變化 69

圖23、瞬間將溫度由25℃降到20℃文蛤鰓纖毛運動之變化 69

圖24、瞬間將鹽度由20psu升到30psu文蛤鰓纖毛運動之變化 70

圖25、瞬間將鹽度由20psu降到10psu文蛤鰓纖毛運動之變化 70


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