本論文以化學合成的方式開發製備兩種材料，其一為盤狀液晶 Acid-6，另一為新型高分子盤狀液晶 DLC-PAM。由 FT-MS、1H-NMR以及 FT-IR 鑑定其結構正確無誤後，將兩者當作光敏化染料，應用於染料敏化太陽能電池（dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSCs）製成元件。
本新型高分子盤狀液晶，是以高分子聚丙烯醯胺（polyacrylamide,PAM）當作主鏈，以化學合成的方式將盤狀液晶單體 Acid-6 接枝到高分子主鏈上所形成，屬於側鏈型高分子液晶，可展現出其液晶基 Acid-6 原來之特性。其一為具備桿狀液晶所欠缺的吸光能力，利用 UV-Vis spectrometer，可從吸收光譜看出其吸光波段約為 200 ~ 450 nm，座落於紫外與可見光區，的確可吸收太陽光當作光敏化染料。其二為盤狀液晶具有自組裝排列的特性，分子間可排列成六角柱狀之結構，具有更高的載子傳輸速率，而此部份藉由X-ray diffractmeter，可驗證出兩者確實具有六角柱狀液晶相。
經過定性鑑定和光學分析後，以 DLC-PAM 和 Acid-6 當作光敏化染料，分別製成兩 DSSCs 元件，不但光電流比預期高，甚至於光電轉換效率上亦有不錯的表現，分別可達 0.047 % 和 0.364 % 。因此，本論文成功驗證將兩材料當作光敏化染料，應用於染料敏化太陽能電池之可行性。

In this thesis we synthesize two organic materials, one is discotic liquid crystal Acid-6, and the other is novel discotic liquid crystal
polymer DLC-PAM. After demonstrating the molecular structures of Acid-6 and DLC-PAM by FT-MS, 1H-NMR and FT-IR, we use the two materials as photo-sensitized dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) and manufacture two kinds of cells.
We use polyacrylamide(PAM) as main chain of the novel discotic liquid crystal polymer DLC-PAM and graft the discotic liquid crystal monomer Acid-6 onto PAM by chemical synthesis. DLC-PAM belongs to side-chain liquid crystal polymer, and it can show the properties of it’s discotic liquid crystal function. One of the properties is absorption of visible light. By observing the UV-Vis spectrum, we can realize the absorption band is located between 200 ~ 450 nm and confirm that it is able to be a photo-sensitized dye. Another property of discotic liquid crystal is the self-assembly ability, the moleculars can assemble into hexagonal columnar structure by themselves, and the property enable discotic liquid crystal to have better mobility. In this part, we can demonstrate DLC-PAM and Acid-6 really have hexagonal columnar structure by X-ray diffractmeter.
After qualitative demonstrating and optical analysis, we use DLC-PAM and Acid-6 as photo-sensitized dyes for DSSCs and manufacture two kinds of cells successfully. The more photocurrent occur when the two DSSCs are woking. Besides, the two DSSCs have good performance on power conversion efficiency which can achieve 0.047 % for DLC-PAM and 0.364 % for Acid-6. Therefore, in this research we prove that DLC-PAM and Acid-6 are able to be photo-sensitized dyes for DSSCs and successfully demonstrate that using the two materials to manufacture DSSCs is feasible.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract IV
目錄 VI
圖目錄 XI
表目錄 XV
Scheme目錄 XVI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 染料敏化太陽能電池之歷史 2
1.3 研究動機與目的 4
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 7
2.1 染料敏化太陽能電池之組成 7
2.2 染料敏化太陽能電池之工作原理 8
2.2.1 光敏化染料 10
2.2.2 透明導電層和工作層之組合電極（光電極）12
2.2.3 電解質 13
2.2.4 鍍鉑之對電極 13
2.3 有機太陽能電池之功率轉換效率 14
2.4 盤狀液晶（discotic liquid crystal, DLC） 15
2.5 高分子液晶材料 18
2.5.1 主鏈型高分子液晶材料（main-chain liquid crystal 　polymer, MCLCP） 18
2.5.2 側鏈型高分子液晶材料（side-chain liquid crystal polymer, SCLCP） 18
2.5.3 複合型高分子液晶材料 19
第三章 實驗儀器及其原理 20
3.1 高磁場液態核磁共振儀（nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR） 20
3.1.1 儀器簡介 20
3.1.2 儀器原理 21
3.2 傅利葉轉換式質譜儀（fourier-transfer mass spectrometry, FT-MS） 22
3.2.1 儀器簡介 22
3.2.2 儀器原理 23
3.3 傅利葉轉換式紅外光光譜儀（fourier-transfer infrared spectrometer, FT-IR） 23
3.3.1 儀器簡介 23
3.3.2 儀器原理 24
3.4 粉末 X-ray 繞射儀（powder X-ray diffractmeter, XRD） 25
3.4.1 儀器簡介 25
3.4.2 儀器原理 25
3.5 場發射型掃描式電子顯微鏡（field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, FEG-SEM） 27
3.5.1 儀器簡介 27
3.5.2 儀器原理 28
3.6 熱重分析儀（thermogravimetric analyzer, TGA）29
3.6.1 儀器簡介 29
3.6.2 儀器原理 30
3.7 熱示差掃描卡量計（differential scanning calorimetry, DSC） 30
3.7.1 儀器簡介 30
3.7.2 儀器原理 31
3.8 紫外與可見光光譜儀（UV-Vis spectrometer）32
3.8.1 儀器簡介 32
3.8.2 儀器原理 33
3.9 螢光光譜儀（fluorescence spectrometer） 34
3.9.1 儀器簡介 34
3.9.2 儀器原理 35
3.10 太陽光譜模擬量測系統（solar simulator
system） 35
3.10.1 儀器簡介 35
3.10.2 儀器原理 36
第四章 實驗 38
4.1 染料-高分子盤狀液晶之合成 38
4.1.1 藥品 38
4.1.2 合成步驟與鑑定 40
4.2 DSSCs元件之製作 69
4.2.1 材料 69
4.2.2 製作流程 70
第五章 量測與結果分析 80
5.1 光學分析 80
5.1.1 紫外與可見光光譜之探討 80
5.1.2 螢光光譜之探討 82
5.2 熱分析 84
5.2.1 TGA 之探討 84
5.2.2 DSC 之探討 86
5.3 液晶相之鑑定與觀察 88
5.4 DSSCs元件效率之探討 91
5.4.1 量測步驟及儀器參數 91
5.4.2 量測結果與探討 91
第六章 結論與未來工作 96
參考資料 98

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