本研究主要探討高度小於十公里之對流層中水蒸氣與二氧化碳對大氣溫度及熱傳導之影響，根據真實溫度、壓力及濃度和溫室氣體輻射性質之關係有系統地提出大氣熱流模擬計算。
為了簡化數值運算，本研究將大氣假設為單純熱傳導及輻射之一維系統。太陽輻射以可見光短波長0.4 μm 至0.7 μm 入射地球，並且被地表以灰體性質吸收及反射長波段輻射回大氣中。大氣方面，水蒸氣主要吸收波段為71 μm 、6.3 μm 、2.7 μm 、1.87 μm 及1.38 μm ，部分長波段範圍(8至12 μm)被穿透，而二氧化碳主要吸收波段為15 μm 、4.3 μm 、2.7 μm及2.0 μm 。
本研究分別對水蒸氣及二氧化碳作模擬，其結果顯示此兩種氣體為造成大氣溫度差異達到2 ℃之重要影響因子。

The effects of water vapor and carbon dioxide on temperature and heat transfer in the troposphere layer, which is less than the altitude of 10 km, in the atmosphere are presented in this work. Accounting for realistic temperature- and pressure- or concentration-dependent radiative properties, this work systematically evaluates heat transfer encountered in atmosphere.
For simplicity, the heat transfer is assumed to be one-dimensional and pure conduction and radiation modes. The solar irradiation penetrates through the atmosphere within its short wavelength range near around visible range between 0.4-0.7 μm, and absorbed and reflected by the earth ground with a gray body property. The ground emits radiation in longwave range. Water vapor is transparent to longwave range 8-12 μm and absorbed in five long wavelength bands centered at 71, 6.3, 2.7, 1.87, 1.38 μm, whereas carbon dioxide is absorbed in four long wavelength bands centered at 15, 4.3, 2.7 and 2.0 μm.
The computed results quantitatively show that water vapor and carbon dioxide are the most important factors affecting temperature difference around 2 Celsius degrees.

謝誌 i
目錄 ii
圖次 iv
符號說明 vii
中文摘要 xi
Abstract xii
第1章 緒論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2文獻回顧 5
1-3研究目的 6
第2章 分析模型與假設 7
2-1模型建立 7
2-2空氣統御方程式 9
2-3地面統御方程式 12
2-4擴散方程式 13
2-4-1半球輻射量 15
2-4-2二氧化碳各波段吸收係數 17
2-4-3二氧化碳各波段散射係數 24
2-4-4水蒸氣各波段吸收係數 27
2-4-5水蒸氣各波段散射係數 35
第3章 結果與討論 38
3-1 輻射平衡對溫度影響 38
3-2 溫室氣體性質 42
3-3 半球輻射量對溫度之影響 52
3-4 溫室氣體濃度對溫度影響 55
第4章 結論 62
附錄一 非穩態能量方程式之邊界假設 63
參考文獻 65

[1] National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2004. Image: This Diagram Indicates that all Energy Comes from the Sun. April 22, 2004, from the World Wide Web: http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/F_The_Role_of_Clouds.html
[2] Rohde J. F. R. A., 2007. Image: Atmospheric Absorption Bands. June 21, 2008, from the World Wide Web:
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/06/21/a-window-on-water-vapor-and-planetary-temperature-part-2/
[3] Gary Dale E., 2005. Image: Atmospheric temperature structure. Nov. 18, 2005, from the World Wide Web: http://web.njit.edu/~gary/202/Lecture9a.html
[4] From Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1997. Image: Atmospheric Pressure and Altitude. April 12, 2008, from the World Wide Web: http://fiziknota.blogspot.com/2008/04/atmospheric-pressure-pressure-and-altitude.html
[5] Fourier J. B., 1822, “The’Orie Analytique de la Chaleur,” Paris(Translated By Dover, 1955).
[6] Tyndall J., 1861, “On the Absorption and Radiation of Heat by Gases and Vapours and on the Physical Connexion of Radiation, Absorption and Conduction-the Bakerian Lecture,” Phil. Mag., 22, 169-194.
[7] Arrhenius S., 1896, “On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground,” Phil. Mag., 41, 237-275.
[8] Callendar G. P., 1938, “The Artificial Production of Carbon Dioxide and It’s Influence Climate,” Quarterly J. Royal Meteorological Soc., 64, 223- 240.
[9] Raymonds B., 2003, “Climate of the Last Millennium,” Holocene Working Group Workshop, Bjerknes Centra for Climate Research, Aug. 2003.
[10] Ladurie E. L., 1971, “Time of Feast, Time of Famine:a History of Climate Since the Year 1000,” New York:Doubleday.
[11] Joseph S., 1970, “Numerical Simulation of the Global Circulation,”Global Circulation of the Atmosphere, 24-41.
[12] Sheila J., 2001, “Image and Imagination:The Formation of Global Environmential Consciousness,” Knowledge and Environmential
Covernance, 309-337.
[13] M. Samuel W., 1977, “What’s Happening to Our Climate?” Reader’s Digest, March, 88-92.
[14] P. Thomas C., et all, 2008, “The Nyth of 1970s Global Cooling Scientific Consensus,” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 89, 1325- 1337.
[15] 地球氣候系統(無日期)。中央氣象局。民100年4月25日，取自:http://www.cwb.gov.tw/
[16] 黃昭淵，“舒緩台北都會區夏季熱島效應之研究-節省能源與減少煙霧(二)” ，國科會/環保署科技合作研究計劃(1999)。
[17] Modest M. F., “Radiation Heat Transfer,” McGraw-Hill, 1993, New York.
[18] Edwards D. K., 1962, “Radiation Interchange in a Nongray Enclosure Containing an Isothermal Carbon-Dioxide-Nitrogen Gas Mixture,” ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 84C, 1-11.
[19] Stull V. R., Wyatt P. J., Plass G. N., 1964, “The Infrared Transmittance of Carbon Dioxide,” Applied Optics, 3, 243-254.
[20] Andre F., Vaillon R., 2008, “The Spectral-Line Moment- Based(SLMB) Modeling of the Wide Band and Global Blackbody-Weighted Transmission Function and Cumulative Distribution Function of the Absorption Coefficient in Uniform Gaseous Media,” Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 109, 2401-2416.
[21] Stull V. R., Wyatt P. J., Plass G. N., 1964, “The Infrared Transmittance of Water Vapor,” Applied Optics, 3, 229-241.