此篇論文包含兩個主題，第一個主題是應用於攜帶式生醫系統之低功率半回合(Half-Run) RC5加解密演算法；第二個主題是適用於FPW-based生醫感測器之頻移讀取電路。

在第一個研究主題中，使用了半回合(Half-Run)硬體實現低功耗RC5加解密晶片，並且為了縮小面積，利用四個多工器，以使加密與解密之硬體共用，其中只需一個32位元寬度之加減法器(adder/subtractor)、一個32位元寬度之雙向位移器(Bidirectional barrel shifter)以及32個互斥或閘(XOR)。除此之外，本設計鑰匙擴展運算與加解密運算之時脈可分開運作，當鑰匙計算完存放於暫存器後便可將鑰匙計算之時脈關掉以節省功率消耗，故適用於需要低功\\\耗低成本之可攜式生醫無線通訊系統。

在第二個研究主題中，本論文提出一頻移讀取電路，主要目的為偵測彎曲平板波(FPW, Flexural Plate-Wave)感測晶片上蛋白質濃度之差異。由於FPW會因乘載不同濃度的蛋白質而改變其中心頻率，故本論文提出之系統，係利用一個計數器、數位類比轉換器(DAC)、電壓頻率轉換器(VFC)、兩個峰值偵測器、兩個暫存器及一個減法器，最後經由查表，即可讀取中心頻率移動之量。比起目前醫療機構所使用之傳統檢測方法，本論文實現之電路不但節省功率消耗及成本，並大幅降低檢測時間。

This thesis consists of two topics. We proposed a low power half-run RC5 cipher for portable biomedical devices in the first part of this thesis. The second topic is to realize a frequency-shift readout system for FPW-based biosensors.
In the first topic, a half-round low-power RC5 encryption structure is proposed. To reduce hardware cost as well as power consumption, the proposed RC5 cipher adopts a resource-sharing approach, where only one adder/subtractor, one bi-directional barrel shifter, and one XOR with 32-bit bus width are used to carry out the entire design. Two data paths are switched through the combination of four multiplexers in the encryption/decryption procedure. For the sake of power reduction, the clock in the key expansion can be turned off when all subkeys are generated.
In the second topic, an IgE antigen concentration measurement system using a frequency-shift readout method for a two-port FPW (flexural plate-wave) allergy biosensor is presented. The proposed frequency-shift readout method adopts a peak detecting scheme to detect the resonant frequency. A linear frequency generator, a pair of peak detectors, two registers, and an subtractor are only needed in our system. According to the characteristics of the FPW allergy biosensor, the frequency sweep range is limited in a range of 2 MHz to 4 MHz. The precision of the measured frequency is proved to the 4.2 kHz/mV, which is for better than that of existing designs.

致謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
圖次 vii
表次 x
第一章 概論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.1.1 生醫無線通訊之加解密演算法 1
1.1.2 彎曲平板波IgE 過敏原偵測器讀取電路系統 4
1.2 相關技術與文獻探討 6
1.2.1 RC5加解密演算法 6
1.2.2 適用於IgE抗體濃度偵測之系統 8
1.3 論文架構 10
第二章 應用於攜帶式生醫系統之低功率半回合RC5加解密演算法電路 11
2.1 簡介 11
2.1.1 RC5 加解密之演算法分析 12
2.1.2 RC5 鑰匙擴展演算法分析 16
2.2 電路架構 17
2.3 電路設計 19
2.3.1 半回合RC5加解密演算法電路 19
2.3.2 RC5 鑰匙擴展電路 21
2.3.3 雙向循環位移器 22
2.4 電路模擬與晶片實作 23
2.4.1 電路模擬與分析 23
2.4.2 電路佈局圖 25
2.4.3 晶片實作 26
2.5 晶片量測 26
2.5.1 晶片量測與結果 26
2.5.2 效能比較 30
2.5.3 討論與檢討 31
第三章 適用於FPW-based生醫感測器之頻移讀取電路 33
3.1 簡介 33
3.1.1 FPW 頻移特性 33
3.2 電路架構 35
3.3 系統驗證 37
3.3.1 驗證波形 39
3.4 電路設計 41
3.4.1 數位類比轉換器 42
3.4.2 電壓頻率轉換器 43
3.4.3 峰值偵測器 45
3.4.4 數位控制電路 47
3.5 電路模擬與晶片實作 48
3.5.1 電路模擬與分析 48
3.5.2 晶片實作 53
3.6 晶片量測結果與討論 53
3.6.1 晶片量測結果與分析 53
3.6.2 預計規格與實測結果 57
3.6.3 討論與檢討 58
第四章 結論與未來工作 59
參考文獻 60

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