IEEE 802.16j 移 動 式 的 多 重 跳 躍 中 繼 站 網 路 (Mobile Multi-hop Relay Networks, MMR Networks) 定義了 Access zone 與 Relay zone，為了對不同類別的資料流給予不同服務品質(Quality of Service, QoS)的頻寬配置，並在頻寬不足時，使在Access zone 和 Relay zone 之間的資料流有機會進行頻寬協調(Bandwidth Negotiation) ， 我 們 在 本 論 文(thesis) 中 提 出 一 套 具 有 頻 寬 協 調 機 制 的排 程(Bandwidth-Negotiation Scheduling, BNS)演算法。BNS 為了確保較高優先權的rtPS 可優先取得頻寬，即使在頻寬配置的過程中發生頻寬不夠滿足其時間限制(delay constraint)的需求時，可進行頻寬協調；因為 nrtPS 有最小傳輸率的需求(minimum bit rate, MBR)，BNS 會盡可能滿足其 MBR 的需求，當頻寬不足以滿足其 MBR 時，nrtPS 也可以進行 Negotiation 以取得頻寬，除非 BE 的封包丟失率過高，BNS 才會降低 nrtPS 的頻寬，使其至少還有 MBR 可用，多出來的頻寬則撥給 BE，降低 BE 發生 starvation 的可能。因此我們提出的 BNS 可以動態調整 Access 和 Relay zone 的界線，使各類別資料流能得到適當的頻寬配置，有效提升兩 zone 之間的頻寬使用率。我們建立馬可夫鏈數學模型來分析網路效能進行分析，並且改變不同的網路參數改變時，我們觀察 BNS 演算法與傳統無法改變 boundary 的機制在效能上的差異。由於 BNS 是以滿足不同類別資料流的 QoS 為第一考量，而非高傳輸率，故由數學分析結果可發現，BNS 除了可降低 rtPS 平均延遲時間超出delay constraint 的機率、也可以提昇了 rtPS 的平均傳輸率(average throughput)，並在 rtPS延遲時間限制變得較寬鬆時，BNS 可以增加 nrtPS 的平均傳輸率並降低其平均封包丟失數(average packet loss)，並可有效降低 BE 發生 starvation 的機率。

In IEEE 802.16j MMR (Mobile Multi-hop Relay) networks, bandwidth is divided into two zones, access zone to mobile stations and relay zone to relay stations. To satisfy the requirements of Quality of Services (QoS) for different types of traffic between access zone and relay zone, we propose Bandwidth-Negotiation Scheduling (BNS) for BS and RS to adequately allocate bandwidth. For the purpose of satisfying higher-priority rtPS traffic, BNS can negotiate bandwidth between two zones if the allocated bandwidth is insufficient to meet its QoS requirement. Besides, BNS can satisfy bandwidth requirement for nrtPS as much as possible and it will also do negotiation to allocate at least minimum bandwidth if resource is not sufficient. At last, BNS may reduce the allocated bandwidth for nrtPS if PLR (Packet Loss Ratio) of BE is too high. Therefore, the starvation probability of BE can be decreased by earning this extra bandwidth from nrtPS. In short, the proposed BNS can adjust the boundary between access zone and relay zone dynamically and it can improve bandwidth utilization effectively. Through Markov-chain model, we evaluated the performance of BNS and compared its performance to a mechanism with fixed-boundary. Analytical results have shown that BNS can decrease the probability of exceeding delay constraint for rtPS, increase the throughput, and decrease the PLR for nrtPS when rtPS delay constraint is increased. Moreover, BNS can significantly reduce the possibility of starvation for BE traffic.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究方法 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章 IEEE 802.16j MMR 的頻寬配置 4
2.1 802.16j MMR 的系統架構 4
2.1.1 802.16j MMR 的訊框架構 6
2.1.2 802.16j MMR 的資料傳遞 8
2.1.3 IEEE 802.16j MMR 的資料類別 13
2.2 相關研究 15
2.2.1 固定式的頻寬配置機制 15
2.2.2 動態式的頻寬配置機制 18
2.3 本論文的頻寬配置法 20
第三章 具有頻寬協調機制的排程演算法 22
3.1 系統架構 22
3.2 BNS 演算法 23
3.2.1 PCS 29
3.2.2 ZNS 34
第四章 數學分析與結果討論 36
4.1 馬可夫鏈數學模型 36
4.1.1 狀態轉移機率的計算 37
4.1.2 轉移機率矩陣 38
4.1.3 舉例說明 42
4.2 效能公式的推導 45
4.2.1 rtPS 與 nrtPS 需要 Negotiation 的機率 45
4.2.2 rtPS 與 nrtPS Negotiation 成功的機率 48
4.2.3 rtPS 平均延遲時間超出delay constraint 的機率 53
4.2.4 Throughput 55
4.2.5 平均封包丟失數 Average Packet Loss 58
4.2.6 整體系統的 Throughput 59
4.3 數據結果與討論 59
4.3.1 資料流的 Negotiation 60
4.3.2 rtPS 的延遲時間限制(delay constraint,τ) 63
4.3.3 nrtPS 的 Throughput 65
4.3.4 平均封包丟失數 68
4.3.5 整體系統 Throughput 72
第五章 結論與未來工作 74
5.1 結論 74
5.2 未來工作 76
參考文獻 77
索引 83

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