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博碩士論文 etd-0808116-172932 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0808116-172932
論文名稱
Title
以數值模式探討河川水團在臺灣海峽之傳輸現象
A Numerical Study of the Transport of River Plume in the Taiwan Strait
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
118
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2016-09-07
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2016-09-08
關鍵字
Keywords
河川水團、水舌、臺灣海峽、莫拉克颱風、水團傳輸、水動力模式
Taiwan Strait, river plume, hydrodynamic model, typhoon Morakot, transport
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5654 次,被下載 108
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5654 times, has been downloaded 108 times.
中文摘要
臺灣四面環海,地形陡峭,使得河水在陸上的滯留時間短而急促,且因都市人口密集,民生及工業污染隨之增加,河川容易在颱風過境或大雨過後挾帶大量沉積物及污染物進入海洋並造成環境污染,由於河水與海水在密度及鹽度上的差異,當河水進入海洋後,會在出海口附近形成一舌狀構造,稱之為「河川水團(river plume)」,水團之傳輸易隨著潮汐、風、流量與海流的影響而改變,本研究旨在利用海洋數值模式探討河川流量在臺灣海峽之傳輸現象,若能了解河川水團與海洋之間的互動機制與傳輸方式,便能先行掌握污染物之擴散,對河口及海洋環境的保護有相當大的幫助。
  研究結果顯示,河川流量多寡影響水團的擴散範圍,而水團在出海後受到科氏力影響有往出海口右方移動之趨勢,並且在不同風向下而有不同的傳輸方式,2013年案例為東北季風期,濁水溪水團出海後受東北季風阻擋而無法繼續往東北方向傳輸,並受到強勁東北風吹拂加速水團與海水混合並消散;2009年案例為西南季風期,此案例河川流量較2013年高,濁水溪水團出海後同時受到科氏力、西南風、艾克曼流及北流海水之影響,緊貼岸邊並持續往東北方向傳輸,並繞過臺灣北海岸且有持續往東北岸傳輸之趨勢。而兩案例之高屏溪水團均同時出現相反方向之水團傳輸,推測2013年案例是因當地流場轉向所導致;2009年則因受颱風外圍環流影響所導致,兩案例高屏溪水團均蓄積在屏東縣西岸灣內而無法向外擴散,推測2013年因當時風速較低而無法有效將水團向外擴散;2009年則因受到持續之西南風吹拂,使得水團蓄積在此無法向外擴散。
Abstract
Taiwan island surrounded by the ocean with steep topography, the retention time of the river flow is very short. Because of the urbanization, the population and pollution in cities growed up quickly. Rivers relate cities and the ocean, pollution and sediment would flow into the ocean through rivers due to the heavy rain. The salinity and density are different between freshwater and seawater. Freshwater would float above the seawater because of its low buoyancy and form a tongue-shape structure called “river plume”. The SCHISM model was applied in the research to analysis the physical processes of river plume in the Taiwan Strait, and how the external forces influence the transport of river plume.
The results showed there is a strong correlation between the range of river plume and river discharge. Both low and high discharge flow right due to the Coriolis, but the different wind direction would extend or constrain the river plume respectively. The case of 2013 showed Zhuoshui river plume was constrained by Northeast wind and disappeared in two days. Gaoping river plume accumulated in the bay beside Pingtung county. We consider the plume flowed into the bay because of the flow direction changed, the weak wind here let the plume could not transport far away. The case of 2009 showed Zhuoshui river plume flow to the north coast of Taiwan because of the steady Southwest monsoon and high discharge. Gaoping river plume accumulated in the bay beside Pingtung county in this case, too. We consider plume flow into the bay beside Pingtung county because of the typhoon Morakot, and could not extend outside the bay due to the wind direction.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景與動機 1
1-2研究目的與問題 1
1-3研究架構 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1區域背景資料回顧 3
  2-1-1臺灣海峽氣候與地形 3
  2-1-2臺灣海峽流場及溫鹽變化 5
2-2河川水團之分析 8
2-3河川水團在臺灣海峽之傳輸現象 15
第三章 研究方法 17
3-1模式介紹 17
3-2控制方程式 18
3-3模式特性 20
3-4理想案例測試 23
3-5河川資料蒐集及整理 31
  3-5-1 2013年河川資料之蒐集 33
  3-5-2 2009年河川資料之蒐集 35
3-6臺灣海峽氣象資料之蒐集 38
  3-6-1 2013年風速、風向之比較 38
  3-6-2 2009年風速、風向之比較 43
第四章 模式建置與驗證 48
4-1區域網格之建置 48
4-2河道網格之建置 50
4-3潮汐結果之驗證 53
第五章 案例設計及探討 59
5-1案例氣象之設定 59
5-2案例邊界之設定 59
5-3 2013年案例結果與討論 60
5-4 2009年案例結果與討論 63
5-5 綜合討論 71
第六章 結論與建議 72
6-1結論 72
6-2建議 73
參考文獻 74
附錄一 2013年河川流量資料(單位:m3/s) 80
附錄二 2013年河川水溫資料(單位:攝氏) 83
附錄三 2009河川流量資料(單位:m3/s) 86
附錄四 2009年河川水溫資料(單位:攝氏) 89
附錄五 各站潮汐比對圖 92
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