以往求海岸堤上之溯升資料皆是用外海之最大波高來推算（如一般海堤常採用重現期五十年之颱風暴浪），然週期相同而波高越大的波，尖銳度亦較大，更容易因淺化而提早碎波，反之，越小的波浪碎波時間發生的越晚，故當吾人使用外海的最大波高來模擬堤上溯升高，卻可能發生此一波浪在距離海堤相當遙遠的地方即發生碎波，波浪傳遞致海堤時已經非常小，而較小的外海波高碎波地點離岸邊較近，到達堤上時的溯升及波揚是否會比前者更大，此議題即為本文的主要探討方向。
　　本研究使用計算流體力學軟體FLOW-3D進行模擬，底床為不透水斜坡，坡度有1/10、1/20及1/30三種案例，在斜坡末端水深為零處設一不透水海堤。本研究使用FLOW-3D的內建造波邊界來造波，藉由改變波浪週期、波高及坡度等參數，觀察並紀錄波浪行進於斜坡底床的碎波過程及到達海堤之相關數據(如波高、平均水位及溯升高等)。
　　根據FLOW-3D模擬之結果顯示，碎波水深較小下，堤腳處平均水位與入射波高之比值比碎波水深較大時為大。過往的研究對於決定溯升高之變數大多皆有坡度參與其中，然本研究的結果顯示，海底坡度較緩的環境下，坡度對於溯升高的影響並不重要。陡坡的溯升高與週期成正相關，緩坡之溯升高則與週期無明顯關係。在溯升高與經驗式的比較結果中，緩坡與陡坡之模擬值與較為接近的經驗式並不相同，代表各經驗式可能有其較為準確適用的坡度範圍。





關鍵字：碎波、波揚、溯升、數值模擬、FLOW-3D

The calculation of run-up is usually estimated by the offshore maximum wave height. Nevertheless, the higher wave height with the same period result in larger wave steepness. A wave will break earlier by the shoaling effect with larger wave steepness. On the contrary, A wave will break later with smaller wave steepness. Therefore, the major issue of this study is to analysis whether the wave result in larger run-up and set-up with larger wave steepness or not.
A computational fluid dynamics software called “FLOW-3D” is used to simulate this study. There are three kinds of slope 1/10, 1/20 and 1/30 used for impermeable bottom. An impermeable embankment is set at the end of the slope. Observe and record related data such as mean water level, run-up, etc. by changing period, wave height and slope.
According to the results of FLOW-3D, the ratio of mean water level in front of embankment to incident wave height for smaller breaking depth is larger than larger breaking depth. The most former research indicates that slope is a crucial parameter for wave run-up. Nevertheless, slope effects wave run-up slightly on a gentle slope. Wave run-up displays positive correlation to wave period on a steep slope. On a gentle slope, wave run-up is not related to wave period. The consequences of the comparison between model and experience indicate each experimental equation may show the exacter solution at specific slope.



Keywords: wave break, wave set-up, wave run-up, numerical simulation, FLOW-3D

論文審定書 i
論文公開授權書 ii
誌謝 iii
中文摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
符號說明 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究目的 1
1-3 研究流程 2
1-4 研究架構 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 理論解析之相關文獻回顧 4
2-2 水工試驗之相關文獻回顧 6
2-3 數值模擬之相關文獻回顧 10
2-4 FLOW-3D之相關文獻回顧 10
第三章 數值模式 13
3-1 FLOW-3D軟體介紹 13
3-2 基本控制方程式 13
3-2-1 Naiver-Stokes Equation 14
3-2-2 Naiver-Stokes Equation 14
3-3 數值模擬設定 19
3-3-1 模式建立 19
3-3-2 數據輸出 24
3-4 碎波條件數據分析 25
3-5 溯升數據分析 25
3-6 網格獨立性測試 26
3-6-1 自由液面 26
第四章 結果與討論 28
4-1 波揚模擬結果分析 28
4-1-1 不同坡度比較 28
4-1-2 不同週期比較 31
4-1-3 平均水位模擬結果與經驗式比較 33
4-2 溯升模擬結果分析 37
4-2-1 不同坡度比較 37
4-2-2 不同週期比較 42
4-2-3 溯升模擬結果與經驗式比較 46
第五章 結論與建議 54
5-1 結論 54
5-2 建議 55
參考文獻 56
附錄一、坡度1/10案例碎波相關數據 60
附錄二、坡度1/20案例碎波相關數據 62
附錄三、坡度1/30案例碎波相關數據 64

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