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博碩士論文 etd-0809100-172341 詳細資訊
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論文名稱
Title
羅烈之進退維谷:《世界史》中天命論與國族論之對壘
Ralegh's Dilemma:Medieval Providentialism and Renaissance Nationalism in The History of the World
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
109
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2000-07-20
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2000-08-09
關鍵字
Keywords
Walter Ralegh、History of the World、historiography、Renaissanc
History of the World, Walter Ralegh, Renaissanc, historiography
統計
Statistics
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The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5780 times, has been downloaded 5350 times.
中文摘要

論文名稱:羅烈之進退維谷:《世界史》中天命論與國族論之對壘
頁數:一百零九頁
校所組別:國立中山大學外國語文研究所
畢業名稱及提要別:八十八學年度第二學期碩士學位論文提要
畢業生:賴錦儀 指導教授:蘇其康 教授
論文提要

本論文旨在以歷史觀念的發展角度來探討華特∙羅烈《世界史》中天命論與國族論二者之對壘關係。在此部世界史中,羅烈致力於將整個世界的發展史融入基督教一統之教義中,藉以呈現中古傳統之天命觀與英國文藝復興時期新興之國族意識的融合。然而,由於文藝復興時期人文學者對古典文物的回歸,此般的融合卻也揭示了一些根存於內在的相關問題。在此,國族論的興起被視為是古典城邦制度下愛國主義的一種轉型。

因此,本論文第一章著重在史觀的形成與發展,其中古典時期著重於人與其活動的描寫,而中古則著重於神,因為只有神才能使人到達天堂、得到幸福。除了人與神的區別外,此二時期對時間的主張也大不相同。古典歷史學家認為歷史之循環性與塵世間的盛代興衰息息相關,但中古神學家卻堅持一直線性向發展的史觀。有了這些不同的觀念後,第二章所要探討的是人文主義運動及宗教改革對文藝復興時期古典、中古思想之融合所帶來的影響與革新。

弟三章處理有關羅烈在《世界史》序言中對天命論的思想架構。於此,羅烈主要傳達之目的是:神的旨意所引導之新教的勝利及塵世之有限與天堂之無盡的對比。因此人們都應該放棄世間欲望的追求而向神尋求救贖。第四章的主題則著重在羅烈於歷史本文中所大量探討與政治、軍事及各種相關之議題,在在展現其對國族意識的倡導,不遺於力。然而,相對於羅烈天命論與國族論的分野,在其不斷游移於基督教信仰和過去的光榮事蹟之間卻也導致其《世界史》史觀的矛盾性。

本論文在結論中進一步討論羅烈的人格發展及其政治生涯。在詹姆斯一世政權之下所蒙受之冤獄促使他把寫歷史當作一種自我表達來為自己的多重身份及行為辯護。最後,本論文所要強調的是羅烈在《世界史》呈現之古典和中古二者傳統思想的對壘。儘管不斷倡導中庸之道,致力於尋求二者之平衡點,羅烈之天命論與國族論的不相容性仍展現在其史觀的矛盾中。

Abstract
Abstract
This thesis aims to discuss the confrontation between providentialism and nationalism in Walter Ralegh’s History of the World in light of the development of the writing of history. Ralegh’s proclamation in the Preface to write a universal history demonstrates his endeavor to accord the medieval tradition of divine providence with the new concept of nationalism in the English Renaissance. Yet, the integration of the two ideas reveals the polemics intrinsic in the rooted classical tradition resulted from the humanist revival of antiquity in the Renaissance. Nationalism in terms of its increasing emphasis on men as individual entities here is interpreted as a transformation of the classical patriotism towards the special political structure of city-states.
Therefore, the former part of the first chapter is focused on the primitive formation of the history from epic to the classical historiography in which men and their activities are the primary concerns in the writing of history. The latter part of the chapter then turns to the maturation of the medieval historiography with the rise of Christianity, in which God is considered to be the first cause leading men to the perfect happiness in heaven. Aside from the different emphases on men and God, these two traditions vary from their discrepant assertions of time. The classical historians insist on the cyclic nature of history in correspondence to the wax and wane of the world, while the medieval theologians hold the notion of a lineal sequence of time. Chapter Two then proposes to depict the historiography of the Renaissance as an integration of these two traditions and a renovation due to the humanist movement and the Protestant Reformation.
Chapter Three deals with the theme of divine providence as is theorized in Ralegh’s long exposition of the Preface in his History. Here, the religious application is purposed to inform the readers of two things: God has directed in the course of history the victory of Protestantism; worldly happiness is only finite while the heavenly bliss is eternal. Men shall turn to God for the final salvation by renouncing the pursuit of the worldly desires. Chapter Four is attempted to study the nationalistic elements in Ralegh’s miscellaneous digressions in which many of his political opinions and military advice are delineated. In contrast to his outline of divine providence, Ralegh shows an inconsistent attitude constantly vacillating from his insistence on the Christian belief to his nostalgia of his past glories.
This thesis concludes with a further investigation of Ralegh the person and his success and frustration between the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. Ralegh’s undeserved imprisonment becomes one of the reasons that motivates him to write a history as a self-expression to justify his life as a courtier, as a soldier, as an adventurer, and as a Christian man to face his difficulties in a “resolved” manner. Finally, I shall return to my argument that the conflict between God and men comes from the confrontation of the classical and the medieval focuses. Though Ralegh advocates to live a moderate life that well-balances the two traditions, he still manifests a dilemma in his presenting the incompatibility between providentialism and nationalism in The History of the World with respect to the changeful political powers.

目次 Table of Contents
Table of Contents

Introduction…………………………………………………………… 1

Chapter One God vs. Man…………………………………………. 12
The Origin of the idea of History……………………………….. 12
Classical Historiography: History Repeats Itself……………….. 14
Medieval Historiography: History Progresses in Succession……. 22

Chapter Two Integration and Renovation………………………….. 33
Humanism and Reformation…………………………………….. 33
The Influence of Scientific Innovation………………………….. 39
Renaissance Historiography: Man vs. God……………………… 45

Chapter Three History as A Representation of Divine Providence…... 54

Chapter Four History as A Propaganda of Nationalism………………77

Conclusion Confrontation……………………………………………92

Works Cited ……………………………………………………………….105
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