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博碩士論文 etd-0809106-224411 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0809106-224411
論文名稱
Title
台灣及附近島嶼裸鰓目之動物地理分佈及突丘葉海蛞蝓黏液分泌細胞之研究
Zoogeography of the Nudibranchia in Taiwan and adjacent islands, with note on the mucus secreting of Phyllidiella pustulosa
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
81
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2006-07-14
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2006-08-09
關鍵字
Keywords
動物地理分佈、突丘葉海蛞蝓
Phyllidiella pustulosa, Zoogeography
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5746 次,被下載 33
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5746 times, has been downloaded 33 times.
中文摘要
台灣因地理位置的關係,所以海洋生物相相當豐富,因此本研究目的之一是調查台灣本島、小琉球、澎湖、綠島及蘭嶼等地區沿岸裸鰓目多樣性資料及動物地理分佈情況。
  野外調查的結果發現台灣東北角裸鰓類共有六十種、澎湖四十三種、小琉球三十三種、南灣四十二種、綠島二十九種及蘭嶼十八種。此六個區域的裸鰓類歧異度比較結果,東北角的物種歧異度是所有地區中最高的。在物種相似度方面則可分成兩群,即東北角及澎湖一群,小琉球、南灣、綠島及蘭嶼一群,故推測緯度可能是導致此結果的原因之一。另外,根據調查結果發現Phyllidiella pustulosa為東北角、南灣、小琉球、綠島及蘭嶼的優勢種,且在受刺激時會釋放出白色黏液,故本研究的另外一個目的是探究P. pustulosa 外套膜上分泌毒液的細胞構造及分佈。另外,澎湖有個很特別的物種Okenia japonica,在2005年春季調查龍門時數量曾高逹87隻,並多被發現於一種黑色海綿上,夏季時龍門則未發現O. japonica也未見上述黑色的海綿,直到2006年春季才又發現,只是數量並無2005年多,此種僅在春季出現的現象,可能與黑色海綿有關。以本研究所有調查點發現的物種來看,澎湖所有的調查點以外垵的物種類別是最多的,因2005年春季的調查有15種,2006年春季也有20種,夏季則有12種,且彼此相同的物種皆屬多彩海蛞蝓科,關於此特殊之"熱點"情況原因需待深入探討。
  小琉球春季各調查點中,發現美人洞物種數是各點中最多的,且美人洞每一季的物種數以秋季為最多的季節。此外,葉海蛞蝓科的物種在小琉球是最常見的,與南灣、綠島及蘭嶼的調查結果很類似。在澎湖,最常見的裸鰓類屬多彩海蛞蝓科的物種,而東北角則各科內的物種皆有被紀錄到,可能的原因目前無法得知,只能初步推測可能與底質有關,因澎湖的底質多屬沙泥底。
  在優勢種P. pustulosa分泌白色黏液的構造方面,主要呈帶狀分佈於外套膜接近表層的部分,且初步測試P. pustulosa的外套膜萃取液能夠殺死癌細胞,因此P. pustulosa具有毒性,且這可能是P. pustulosa成為台灣東北角、南灣、小琉球、綠島及蘭嶼優勢種的原因之一。
Abstract
The geographical location of Taiwan has rendered to her high marine biodiversity. One of the objective of the present study is to survey the nudibranchia in Taiwan and her adjacent islands in including the Liu-chiu Yu, Peng-hu, Green island and Orchid island (Lan-yu) and the related zoogeographic issues.
Field surveys resulted in 60 nudibranch species on the northeastern coast, 42 species on Nanwan (Taiwan), 43 species on Peng-hu, 33 species on Liu-Chiu Yu, 29 species on Green island, and 18 species on Orchid island (Lan-yu). Among these areas ,species diversity peaked on the northeastern coast. Analysis of species component led to two clusters, the northeastern coast-Peng-hu and Liu-chiu Yu- Nanwan-Green island- Orchid island(Lan-yu). An altitudinal effect may account for that similarity pattern. Results also indicated that Phyllidiella pustulosa is the top dominant species in almost all the surveyed areas. Upon subjected to external stimulation, P. pustulosa responded by excreting a white mucous. A second objective of the present study is to examine the cell or structures responsible for the secretion of this possible poisonous mucous. Okenia japonica is an unusual species found only on Peng-hu. In the spring of 2004, it was found at Long-men in an exceptional by large number of as many as 87 individuals and these small nudibranchs were associated with a species of block sponge.
Both this nudibranch species and the sponge were absent at in the summer of this year. They recurred in the spring of 2005 but being not as abundant as in the previous spring. Appearance of this nudibranch may be closely related to the sponge. Among all the surveyed sites, An Wai-an on Pen-hu was the top species site: 15 species in the spring of 2005, 20 species and 12 species in the spring and summer of 2006, respectively. Most of them were Chromodorididae. Factors leading to this ‘hot spot’ phenomenon remains to be studied.
Among the sites on Liu-Chiu Yu, Meiren-dong were the most species site. Seasonally, species number at this site peaked in the fall. Phyllidiidae species were most commonly on Liu-chiu Yu, Green island and Orchid island (Lan-yu). Instead, Chromodorididae species were most common on Pen-hu. No obvious dominant group was found on the northeastern coast. The predominant muddy seafloor on the Pen-hu may provide a proper habited for Chromodorididae.
Cells associated with the white mucous of P. pustulosa distributed in underneath the external layer of the mantle in. Extraction of this mucous showed lethal effect on cancer cells. Consequently, this mucous is poisonous. Its capability of chemical defense may have granted its dominance in these surveyed areas.
目次 Table of Contents
一、前言…………………………………………………………………………1
二、材料與方法…………………………………………………………………4
三、結果…………………………………………………………………………10
四、討論…………………………………………………………………………15
五、參考文獻……………………………………………………………………24
附錄…………………………………………………………………………… 71
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