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博碩士論文 etd-0809111-125718 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0809111-125718
論文名稱
Title
以水平流式生物濾床串連地下流式人工濕地處理養豬廢水可行性之研究
The Treatment of Swine Wastewater by Horizontal Biofilter and Subsurface Constructed Wetland
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
113
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2011-07-04
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2011-08-09
關鍵字
Keywords
水平流式生物濾床、三段式廢水處理系統、美人蕉、養豬廢水、地下流式人工濕地
Subsurface System Constructed Wetland (SFSCW), Horizontal Biofilter (HBF), Canna indica, Three-Process Treatment, Swine Wastewater
統計
Statistics
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中文摘要
台灣地區的河川三大污染源,分別為工業廢水、畜牧廢水及生活汙水,其中的畜牧廢水因為富含氮、磷營養鹽,同時也伴隨著溶氧量過低,懸浮固體含量過高等特性,因此造成處理上的困難。目前國內的養豬廢水處理系統為三段式處理系統為主,即經固液分離、厭氧消化、活性污泥系統。雖然能夠有效的將廢水的化學需氧量及懸浮固體降低至行政院環保署之排放標準(即生化需氧量80mg/L、化學需氧量600mg/L、懸浮固體150mg/L)以下,但排放水中的氮、磷營養鹽無法經過濾、沉澱等方式去除。另一方面,傳統的三段式處理系統中的第三段活性污泥系統,操作不易且曝氣槽所需之電力消耗高,使得一般養豬戶無法妥善的管理經營。若是將廢水排放進入一般自然水體,或是自然溼地水體中,將造成水體優養化等環境問題。
本研究係利用水平流式生物濾床(Horizontal Biofilter, HBF)串連地下流式人工溼地(Subsurface Flow System Constructed Wetl and, SFSCW),取代舊有傳統的三段式處理系統中的第三段活性污泥系統,進行養豬廢水處理之可行性評估。水平流式生物濾床是以固定膜生長的方式取代原有活性污泥系統的懸浮生長,操作簡單且不需進行污泥迴流操作。透過濾材表面生物膜的代謝作用達到轉換有機物及去除之目的。經HBF處理後之排放水,再經由SFSCW做進一步處理,該礫石床上所種植之美人蕉(Canna indica)根部表面以及礫石間隙所生成之生物膜,亦可去除部分過多的營養鹽。
本串聯處理系統自2010年11月初至2011年4月底操作六個月後,進流水中之懸浮固體(SS)、生化需氧量(BOD)與總化學需氧量(TCOD)之去除率,分別可達到84.07%、86.48%與68.45%。其中HBF與SFSCW系統分別提供了約七到八成,以及二到三成的去除率。另外,在氮、磷等營養鹽的去除上,也有達到近五成的不錯表現。此設計之自然處理系統最終排放水皆可達到法定標準之下,如能在細節設計上能夠稍做修正,例如加裝逆洗設備,應可推廣至各養豬用戶,以改善現今傳統三段式廢水處理系統。
Abstract
Swine wastewater is one of the major pollutions in Taiwan. The abundant nutrition and organic matters in it may lead eutrophication of water body. Meanwhile, the low dissolved oxygen level and high suspended solids concentration may also make it more difficult to handle the wastewater treatment. At present facility of swine wastewater in Taiwan is the three-process treatment which includes the solid-liquid separation, anaerobic digestion, and activated sludge system. Even though the three-process treatment is widely used, the efficiency of sediment and filter effectively to remove the nutrition, e.g., ammonia and phosphate is still in question. On the other hand, the activated sludge system is a difficult technique that the swine farmers can’t easily to operate. Based on these reasons, an efficient swine wastewater treatment process should be established. In this study, we replace the activated sludge system in three-process treatment with the horizontal biofilter (HBF) and subsurface system constructed wetland (SFSCW) to assess the practicability of improving the traditional process. HBF is a fix-biofilm system which is superior to the suspended growth of activated sludge system by its simple operation and no need to return the sludge from the final clarifier. Porosity in the gravel of SFSCW and the root zone of Canna indica can also help to remove the nutrients from the outflow of HBF. The tested HRT (hydraulic retention time) has been controlled at about 30 hours and results show that SS, BOD and COD removal efficiencies as 84.07%, 86.48%, and 68.45%, respectively. HBF and SFSCW provided approximate 70~80% and 10~20% removal efficiencies, respectively. This design of combining HBF and SFSCW system has high potential to treat the swine wastewater, and adding the backwash unit may further facilitate the operation in the future.
目次 Table of Contents
誌 謝..................................................................................................................................... I
摘 要................................................................................................................................... II
表 目 錄 ........................................................................................................................... VI
圖 目 錄 ......................................................................................................................... VII
第一章 前言 ........................................................................................................................... 1
第一節 研究動機與目的.............................................................................................. 1
第二節 研究方法與流程.............................................................................................. 2
第二章 文獻回顧 ................................................................................................................... 4
第一節 台灣養豬廢水之現況探討.............................................................................. 4
2.1.1 台灣養豬產業現況與廢水特性 ............................................................................... 4
2.1.2 養豬廢水之處理流程 ............................................................................................... 5
第二節 生態工程之介紹............................................................................................ 11
第三節 人工濕地介紹................................................................................................ 12
2.3.1 濕地的定義與分類 ................................................................................................... 12
2.3.2 表面流式人工濕地 ................................................................................................... 19
2.3.3 地下流式人工濕地 ................................................................................................... 21
第四節 人工濕地水質淨化機制................................................................................ 23
2.4.1 懸浮固體(Suspended Solids, SS)的去除 ............................................................ 25
2.4.2 有機物(Organic Matter)的去除 .......................................................................... 26
2.4.3 氮(Nitrogen)的去除 ............................................................................................. 27
2.4.4 磷(Phosporus)的去除 .......................................................................................... 33
2.4.5 其他物質的去除 ....................................................................................................... 34
第五節 案例探討........................................................................................................ 34
2.5.1 水平流式生物濾床之案例 ..................................................................................... 34
2.5.2 國內人工濕地之案例 ............................................................................................... 35
2.5.2 國外人工濕地之案例 ............................................................................................... 37
第三章 實驗方法 ............................................................................................................... 39
第一節 實驗場址介紹................................................................................................ 39
第二節 水平流式生物濾床設計................................................................................ 40
第三節 地下流式人工濕地設計................................................................................ 42
第四節 採樣與分析方法............................................................................................ 43
3.4.1 採樣與運送保存 ....................................................................................................... 43
3.4.2 水質檢驗分析及品保品管作業 ............................................................................... 45
3.4.3 水質分析項目與分析方法 ....................................................................................... 46
第四章 實驗結果與討論 ................................................................................................... 50
第一節 第一階段實驗結果與討論............................................................................ 55
第二節 第二階段實驗結果與討論............................................................................ 60
第三節 第三階段實驗結果與討論............................................................................ 67
第五章 未來規劃與案例探討 ............................................................................................. 79
第一節 鰲鼓濕地探討................................................................................................ 79
第二節 未來規劃建議................................................................................................ 92
第六章 結論與建議 ........................................................................................................... 95
參考文獻................................................................................................................................ 97
中文文獻........................................................................................................................ 97
網站................................................................................................................................ 98
英文參考文獻................................................................................................................ 98
附件...................................................................................................................................... 100
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