本研究目的是先利用多功能的光纖處理平台製作2X2單模光纖耦合器，並以理論以及模擬去進行分析，以此為基礎出發，發展新型熔燒式光纖耦合器，此耦合器的特點是把2x2單模光纖耦合器的其中一根單模光纖換成我們實驗室自行抽制的毛細管光纖，這個耦合器的用途在於使用和單模光纖相近的折射率溶液抽到毛細管光纖達到一個液體開關光纖耦合器。由於不同波長下折射率會因此而不同，而不同物質對於這種變化具有不同的斜率，根据耦合理論下，只有在兩個折射率相同時才能達到最大耦合效率，因此若在毛細管光纖裡抽入和單模光纖纖芯不同材料的液體，會造成只有單一波長可達到最大耦合效率，而其它波長則會因折射率不同耦合效率快速下降。這種耦合器的優點在於可以以溫度控制其最大耦合波長範圍，並且由於毛細管光纖纖芯為液體，我們可以以此為發展液體的量測技術，若以後再把單模光纖換成其它折射率不同的光纖，則可以使用這方法量測其它液體。
接下來使用模擬軟體進行模擬此種耦合器其耦合波長及耦合效率在折射率不同情況下的變化值，以便於製作這種新型熔燒式耦合器。

The purpose of this study is to use multi-functional optical fiber processing platform produce 2X2 single-mode fiber coupler, and use theory and simulation to analyze, as the basis of the starting, development of novel fused coupler device. The characteristics of this coupler is a 2x2 single-mode fiber coupler in which a single-mode fiber replaced by our laboratory to manufacture the capillary fiber. The use of this coupler is similar to the use of single-mode fiber refractive index of the solution pumped capillary fiber to a liquid switch fiber coupler. We know that the refractive index decreases as the wavelength increases, the slope of the different materials for this change is different, and due to the different materials, the thermal coefficient of refractive index is different, so we can be found in the case of different temperatures, the refractive index of the two materials are equal, and other wavelength is different, therefore, only when the same refractive index of the wavelength in order to fully coupled. The advantages of this coupling is temperature control of its maximum coupling wavelength range, and the capillary fiber core is liquid, we can use this measurement technique for the development of liquid, if the later then the single-mode fiber to replace the other refractive index different fiber, you can use this method to measure the other liquid.
Next, use simulation software to simulate this coupler, the coupling wavelength and coupling efficiency values of the change in refractive index different cases, in order to facilitate the produce this novel fused coupler device.

論文審定書(中文) i
論文審定書(英文) ii
誌謝 iii
中文摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 序論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究背景 3
第二章 光纖耦合器之理論及模擬軟體簡介 4
2.1 光纖耦合器 4
2.1.1 光纖耦合器歷史 4
2.1.2 2x2光纖耦合器理論 4
2.1.3 利用材料色散原理的波長選擇光纖耦合器 9
2.2 模擬軟體簡介 10
第三章 光纖耦合器之研製及模擬的模型設計 14
3.1 多功能的光纖處理平台簡介 14
3.2 2x2 熔燒式光纖耦合器研製及模擬設計 19
3.2.1 製作耦合器的方法 20
3.2.2 光纖耦合器量測的實驗架構及參數調整 22
3.2.3 2x2光纖耦合器的模擬設計 25
3.3 新型熔燒式光纖耦合器研製及模擬設計 27
3.3.1 製作新型熔燒式光纖耦合器的方法 27
3.3.2 新型熔燒式光纖耦合器量測的實驗架構 28
3.3.3 新型熔燒式光纖耦合器的模擬設計 29
第四章 光纖耦合器之結果 31
4.1 2x2 光纖耦合器的結果及模擬分析 31
4.1.1 2x2 光纖耦合器模擬結果分析 31
4.1.2 2x2光纖耦合器實驗結果 37
4.2 新型熔燒式光纖耦合器的結果及模擬分析 41
4.2.1 新型熔燒式光纖耦合器的模擬分析 41
4.2.2 新型熔燒式光纖耦合器的實驗結果 44
第五章 結 論 47
參考文獻 48

[1] K.C. Kao, G.A. Hockham, Dielectric-Fibre Surface Waveguides for Optical Frequencies, P I Electr Eng, 113 (1966) 1151-1158.
[2] F.P. Kapron, D.B. Keck, R.D. Maurer, Radiation Losses in Glass Optical Waveguides, Appl Phys Lett, 17 (1970) 423-&.
[3] 山下真司, 圖解光纖通信原理與散新應用技術, 2003.
[4] Y.L. Lo, H.C. Cheng, Fiber Optic Sensors, chapter of Encyclopedia of Sensors, American Scientific Publishers, (2005).
[5] H. Tazawa, T. Kanie, M. Katayama, Fiber-optic coupler based refractive index sensor and its application to biosensing, Appl Phys Lett, 91 (2007).
[6] T.A. Birks, P.S.J. Russell, D.O. Culverhouse, The acousto-optic effect in single-mode fiber tapers and couplers, J Lightwave Technol, 14 (1996) 2519-2529.
[7] L.B. Yuan, L.M. Zhou, J.S. Wu, Fiber optic temperature sensor with duplex Michleson interferometric technique, Sensor Actuat a-Phys, 86 (2000) 2-7.
[8] F. Bilodeau, K.O. Hill, S. Faucher, D.C. Johnson, Low-Loss Highly Overcoupled Fused Couplers - Fabrication and Sensitivity to External-Pressure, J Lightwave Technol, 6 (1988) 1476-1482.
[9] D.K.C. Wu, B.T. Kuhlmey, B.J. Eggleton, Ultrasensitive photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor, Opt Lett, 34 (2009) 322-324.
[10] H.W. Lee, M.A. Schmidt, P. Uebel, H. Tyagi, N.Y. Joly, M. Scharrer, P.S. Russell, Optofluidic refractive-index sensor in step-index fiber with parallel hollow micro-channel, Opt Express, 19 (2011) 8200-8207.
[11] C.S. Hsieh, T.L. Wu, W.H. Cheng, An optimum approach for fabrication of low loss fused fiber couplers, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 69 (2001) 199-203.
[12] M. Eisenmann, E. Weidel, Single-Mode Fused Biconical Couplers for Wavelength Division Multiplexing with Channel Spacing between 100-Nm and 300-Nm, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 6 (1988) 113-119.
[13] M. Eisenmann, E. Weidel, Single-Mode Fused Biconical Coupler Optimized for Polarization Beamsplitting, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 9 (1991) 853-858.
[14] S.K. Sheem, T.G. Giallorenzi, Single-Mode Fiber-Optical Power Divider - Encapsulated Etching Technique, Optics Letters, 4 (1979) 29-31.
[15] S.K. Sheem, T.G. Giallorenzi, Single-Mode Fiber Multiterminal Star Directional Coupler, Applied Physics Letters, 35 (1979) 131-133.
[16] C.A. Villarruel, R.P. Moeller, Fused Single-Mode Fiber Access Couplers, Electronics Letters, 17 (1981) 243-244.
[17] B.S. Kawasaki, K.O. Hill, R.G. Lamont, Biconical-Taper Single-Mode Fiber Coupler, Optics Letters, 6 (1981) 327-328.
[18] J.L. Liu, J.A. Duan, J.Y. Miao, J. Zhong, Experimental study on fused tapered optical fibre coupler [J], Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 1 (2006).
[19] D. Salazar, M.A. Felix, A. Jessica, A simple technique to obtain fused fiber optics couplers, Instrumentation and Development, 5 (2001) 170-174.
[20] K. Morishita, Wavelength-Selective Optical-Fiber Directional-Couplers Using Dispersive Materials, Optics Letters, 13 (1988) 158-160.
[21] H. Lee, M. Schmidt, P. Uebel, H. Tyagi, N. Joly, M. Scharrer, P.S.J. Russell, Optofluidic refractive-index sensor in step-index fiber with parallel hollow micro-channel, Opt Express, 19 (2011) 8200-8207.
[22] R. Scarmozzino, A. Gopinath, R. Pregla, S. Helfert, Numerical techniques for modeling guided-wave photonic devices, Ieee Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 6 (2000) 150-162.
[23] M.D. Feit, J.A. Fleck, Light-Propagation in Graded-Index Optical Fibers, Applied Optics, 17 (1978) 3990-3998.
[24] D. Yevick, B. Hermansson, Efficient Beam Propagation Techniques, Ieee Journal of Quantum Electronics, 26 (1990) 109-112.
[25] Y. Chung, N. Dagli, An Assessment of Finite-Difference Beam Propagation Method, Ieee Journal of Quantum Electronics, 26 (1990) 1335-1339.
[26] R. Scarmozzino, R.M. Osgood, Comparison of Finite-Difference and Fourier-Transform Solutions of the Parabolic Wave-Equation with Emphasis on Integrated-Optics Applications, Journal of the Optical Society of America a-Optics Image Science and Vision, 8 (1991) 724-731.
[27] T.A. Birks, Y.W. Li, The shape of fiber tapers, Lightwave Technology, Journal of, 10 (1992) 432-438.