財富分配一直是經濟學家所探討的議題，特別是貧富不均的問題，始終沒有一個絕對的解決方式，而儘管現今已步入21世紀，貧富不均的情形還是相當棘手，而本研究試圖以演化式賽局建構代理人模擬模型並結合無尺度網路的人際網路特性，在無尺度網路上模擬財富變化，進一步檢視網路連結度對財富分配的影響。而從網路結構的變化著手，藉由增加連結度的不同策略，或在平均財富不同的群體間建立一定數量的連結，使整體的財富分配趨於平等，而實驗結果顯示，網路連結的增加和財富累積有絕對正向的關係，即多和其他人建立一些關係對財富累積相當有幫助。此外分組實驗的結果也顯示，若將整體區分成三個群組─貧窮、中產階級和富人，透過貧窮群組內再分成5人小組，5人小組間彼此建立連結、彼此互助、交流，可以有效降低Gini係數，減緩整體的貧富不均。

Wealth distribution is an important issue in Economics, especially wealth inequality. There are no absolutely perfect solutions to this issue long times ago. Despite we are in 21 century, the situation are getting worse and hard to resolve. We focus on developing an agent simulation model based on Evolutionary game and Scale-free network. From this model, we observed some phenomena in wealth distribution by changing the network structure. And we experiments 5 strategies to increase the connectivity of agents in network, which increasing the edges to fully-connected network or increasing the edges between two different groups. After these experiments, we find that the increasing of connectivity in the network is positive to the agents’ wealth accumulation which means we build more relationship with the other people is benefit to our wealth accumulation. Furthermore, we divide the agents in the simulation to three groups: the poor, the middle class and the rich. In the group simulation, we find that increasing the connectivity inside the poor group is the best way to decrease the Gini coefficient and wealth inequality.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 研究價值 2
第二章 文獻探討 3
2.1 財富分配與貧富不均 3
2.2 網路模型 5
2.2.1 隨機網路 6
2.2.2 小世界網路 6
2.2.3 無尺度網路 7
2.3 演化式賽局應用在財富分配 8
2.3.1 Prisoner’s Dilemma Game(PD) 8
2.3.2 Snowdrift Game(SG) 9
2.4 貧富不均衡量指標─Gini係數 10
第三章 問題定義 12
第四章 研究方法與步驟 13
4.1 研究方法 13
4.2 研究步驟 13
4.2.1 模擬設定 13
4.2.2 模擬規則 14
4.2.3 模擬情境 14
第五章 實驗方法與步驟 20
5.1 實驗工具 20
5.2 實驗流程與參數設定 20
5.3 實驗模型驗證 21
5.4 實驗結果 22
5.4.1 增加連結度至完全連結網路 22
5.4.2 群組式增加連結度 25
5.4.3 群組式加入角色權重增加連結度 34
5.5 實驗小結 37
第六章 結論與建議 40
參考文獻 42

﹒ 英文


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﹒ 中文

41. Muhammad Yunus、Alan Jolis 著，曾育慧譯，2007，《窮人的遦行家》，初版， 聯經出版
42. Richard Koch、Greg Lockwood 著，張美惠譯，2010，《超級關係》，初版，時 報出版
43. Jeffrey Sachs 著，鐵人雍譯，2007，《終結貧窮：如何在我們有生之年做到？》， 初版，臉譜出版
44. Duncan J. Watts 著，傅士哲、謝良瑜譯，2009，《六個人的小世界》，初版， 大塊文化出版
45. Mark Buchanan 著，胡守仁譯，2003，《連結－讓 60 億人串在一起的無形網 路》，初版，天下文化出版
46. Mark Buchanan 著，葉偉文譯，2007，《隱藏的邏輯：掌握群眾行為的不敗公 式》，初版，天下文化出版



﹒ 網站


47. Wikipedia-Gini coefficient. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient

48. 普林斯頓大學 EOS 專案網站 http://eos.cs.princeton.edu/

49. 世界遦行網站 www.worldbank.org

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51. NWB tools https://nwb.slis.indiana.edu/community/?n=Main.HomePage

52. FANMOD http://theinf1.informatik.uni-jena.de/~wernicke/motifs/

53. Mfinder http://www.weizmann.ac.il/mcb/UriAlon/groupNetworkMotifSW.html