裝設高效率大容量儲能設備於電力系統中成本昂貴，而使用電動車淘汰的電池是降低設備成本方案之一，電動車電池當健康狀態(State-of-Health,SOH)降至80%或70%時將不適於電動車應用，但電池其實還有許多的電能，如果將剩餘的電能應用於系統中，希望可以有效降低儲能設備成本昂貴的議題。
本論文假設系統在無市電併聯狀態下結合太陽能電池與儲能設備持續供電，其中儲能設備使用電動車汰換電池。本研究探討不同健康狀態電池組考慮電池健康狀態與電池總出電量等，規劃多組汰換電池組放電分配比例，希望達到汰換電池組使用效益提高的目的，並將汰換電池組加入直流微電網系統，觀察在不同能源及負載變化下各電池組透過電能管理對直流電壓穩定性控制的能力。

Power system may fail or go unstable due to either man-made or natural reasons. Some of the reliability problems can be solved by implementing distributed energy generator, such as solar photovoltaic and wind farm in the grid. Using high capacity energy storage system with renewable generator is an effective but expensive approach. In order to reduce the investment cost of energy storage system, used EV batteries are proposed. Once batteries have reached the end of their useful life in vehicles, at around 70% to 80% of initial capacity, placing them into a localized energy storage system will extend their lifetime usage and further reduce the cost on distributed generators integration.
In this thesis, an isolated DC power system including solar photovoltaic and used EV batteries is investigated. Batteries with different state of health (SOH) would have different power capacity. Discharging rates of multiple batteries with different SOH are investigated in order to achieve the largest energy output or highest efficiency of storage system. Using the obtained battery discharging ratios, the parameters in the proposed DC microgrid droop control can be obtained. Dynamic simulations of the DC microgrid operations are presented.

論文審定書............................................................................................................................................................... I
誌謝.........................................................................................................................................................................II
中文摘要................................................................................................................................................................. III
英文摘要................................................................................................................................................................ IV
目錄....................................................................................................................................................................... V
圖次.......................................................................................................................................................................VII
表次....................................................................................................................................................................... XI
第一章 緒論............................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 研究背景與動機................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 微電網發展......................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 相關文獻回顧...................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 論文架構........................................................................................................................................................... 11
第二章 分散式電源簡介............................................................................................................................................ 12
2.1 太陽能發電........................................................................................................................................................ 12
2.2 儲能電池特性簡介.............................................................................................................................................. 15
2.2.1 二次電池簡介.................................................................................................................................................. 15
2.2.2 電池等效模型.................................................................................................................................................. 20
2.2.3 電池平衡電路.................................................................................................................................................. 24
2.2.4 電池健康狀態檢測方式..................................................................................................................................... 30
第三章 直流微電網電壓控制...................................................................................................................................... 32
3.1 系統整體控制程序.............................................................................................................................................. 32
3.2 系統電壓控制分析.............................................................................................................................................. 34
3.2.1 控制模式........................................................................................................................................................ 34
3.2.2 升壓-降壓轉換器小訊號分析 ............................................................................................................................ 35
3.2.3 控制架構........................................................................................................................................................ 48
3.2.4 穩定度分析..................................................................................................................................................... 51
第四章 汰換電池再利用之電能調度策略..................................................................................................................... 57
4.1 汰換電池特性.................................................................................................................................................... 57
4.2 效能提昇目標函數與限制條件............................................................................................................................. 64
4.3 汰換電池組放電分配比求解方法.......................................................................................................................... 68
4.3.1 Powell’s 方法 ................................................................................................................................................ 68
4.3.2 黃金切割法(Golden Section Method) ............................................................................................................... 70
4.4 汰換電動車電池再應用規劃模擬與分析................................................................................................................ 73
4.4.1 用戶端負載模型.............................................................................................................................................. 74
4.4.2 太陽能光伏板發電模型.................................................................................................................................... 74
4.4.3 不同健康狀態之汰換電池組電網規劃模擬.......................................................................................................... 75
4.4.4 不同健康狀態之汰換電池組電網規劃結果討論.................................................................................................... 80
第五章 直流微電網電能調度模擬............................................................................................................................... 86
5.1 模擬系統架構.................................................................................................................................................... 86
5.2 系統模擬結果與討論.......................................................................................................................................... 88
第六章 結論與未來方向........................................................................................................................................... 96
6.1 結論................................................................................................................................................................ 96
6.2 未來方向.......................................................................................................................................................... 97
參考文獻................................................................................................................................................................ 98

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