頭社盆地座落於台灣中部，海拔高度約為650公尺，占地面積為1.75平方公里。由近20年的氣象資料得知，其年均溫度及降雨量分別為21.2˚C及2300公厘，其降雨分佈有明顯的乾濕季節差異，主要的降雨季節為夏季（7-9月）。根據日月潭氣象站觀測資料，加上頭社盆地所屬的地理位置判斷，我們認為該區域的氣候變化，主要受控於西太平洋季風系統及颱風。由當地所採集的沉積物樣品顯示，該區域的沉積物型態多為泥炭，主要是在缺氧環境下所形成，受到降解及氧化作用的破壞程度較小，因此可以忠實的記錄下沉積當時的環境情況。由前人研究得知，該區域的研究多以孢粉及元素分析為主，雖然已有相當完整的成果，並已大致重建出上次冰期以來的環境與氣候變化情形，但各項指標仍存在著矛盾的現象。
針對此問題，本研究使用立坑剖面所採集的沉積物樣品做為研究材料。該剖面經14C定年結果得知，可以涵蓋近6240年至1385年的紀錄，所包含的地質年代約為中全新世至晚全新世。本研究著重的部分為分析生物指標中的正烷類及正烷醇，並輔以有機化合物的碳同位素測定，因其來源均為陸生高等植物，故能反映區域性植被的變化，且能進一步提供探究氣候變遷的資料。根據正烷類碳優指數值得知，本地受降解作用影響程度不高，透過與其他參數的相互比較，顯示影響生物指標變化的主要控制因素為降雨量的改變。由重建的生物指標結果可知，從6500年前以來，頭社盆地主要於5800~5100 yrBP時達到氣候最為潮濕溫暖，之後氣候條件逐漸轉為偏乾，而在4500~2500 yrBP期間，環境達到相對最為乾燥的情況，之後便趨於穩定至今。

Toushe Basin is a semi-enclosed basin, where locates in central Taiwan and situates at an elevation of 650 m with a cover area of 1.75 km2. According to the recent 20 years meteorological data from the nearby Sun-Moon Lake Station, the local mean annual temperature is 21.2˚C and the average precipitation is 2401 mm. The annual rainfall pattern shows distinct wet and dry season types. Summer (July-September) is the main precipitation season in this region. Based on meteorological data, we consider that the East-Asian monsoon system and Typhoon are two controlling factors on determining the climate conditions of this district. Sediments of this basin are enriched with peats, which are mainly formed in anoxic environment, and are great archives for preserving paleo-climatic and -environmental changes. Previous studies are mainly focus on elementary and pollen analysis and are less focus on organic biomarkers, which are useful proxy for paleo-studies.
In this research, sediment samples derived from a cross-sectional sedimentary profile are used for organic geochemistry analysis, which include measurements of n-alkyls and alkane-derived 13C. Age model was constructed based on 14C AMS dating. The time scale of the record covers the interval between 6240 yr BP to 1385 yr BP, corresponding to geological time scale since middle Holocene to late Holocene. Preserved n-alkanes in peats are mainly produced by higher plants, thus the derived biomarkers can reflect the changes in vegetation and further provide evidences for climate changes. As claimed by n-alkanes carbon preference index (CPIalk), the local environment is less affected by degradation and oxidation. Thus the derived biomarkers variations are mainly reflect the changes of paleo-vegetation and the inferred paleoclimatic changes. On the basis of the analytical results of biomarker, the regional environment achieved the most humid period during 5800~5100 yr BP. Then the condition gradually shifted to drier type and reached the driest period between 4500~2500 yr BP. After that, the climate conditions gradually turned into stable and continuing developed into the present mode since then on.

誌　謝 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目　錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 viii
第1章、 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究區域 3
1-3 生物指標及穩定碳同位素 5
1-3.1 正烷類及其生物指標 6
1-3.2 正烷醇及其生物指標 15
1-3.3 穩定碳同位素 18
1-4 文獻回顧 20
1-5 研究目的 29
第2章、 研究材料方法 30
2-1 藥品與儀器 30
2-2 實驗樣品 32
2-3 實驗步驟 36
2-4 空白實驗 42
2-5 經驗正交函數 43
第3章、 研究結果 44
3-1 正烷類、正烷醇及其濃度 44
3-2 正烷類碳同位素結果 60
3-3 EOF 60
第4章、 綜合討論 64
4-1 生物指標與有機質來源 64
4-2 利用生物指標與花粉指標重建植被變遷 70
4-3 台灣長期氣候變遷 77
第5章、 結論 85
參考文獻 86
附錄A、不同深度樣品之參數資料 100
附錄B、空白實驗及方法偵測極限 109
附錄C、不同深度之正烷類濃度及回收率 110
附錄D、不同深度之正烷醇濃度 118

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