在2012年，IEEE 802.15.6 的研究團隊發表了IEEE 802.15.6 無線人體區域網路(Wireless Body Area Networks, BAN)通訊標準。此份標準宗旨為低功率、低成本的效應，且考量對於人體所造成的影響下，實行短距離的無線裝置，其可攜帶於人體上或置入人體內，提供完善的醫療照護為目的。在本論文中，將探討標準中21MHz頻段人體通訊系統的基頻端訊號處裡演算法。其中演算法的設計包括了封包偵測、取樣點偵測、子訊框邊界偵測、解展頻、訊框起始點偵測與解調變的訊號處理。並對此演算法與進行系統效能模擬，其結果符合標準所定義的接收機靈敏度規定。 最後進行撰寫Verilog硬體描述語言實現整個基頻端演算法電路。

In 2012, the research group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.6 published the specification of IEEE 802.15.6 Wireless Body Area Networks. This specification aims to achieve low power and cost. Considering the effect this specification on the human body, a wireless device with short-distance transmission is portable or can be placed in the body to supply complete medical treatment. In this thesis, we discuss the 21 MHz baseband receiver algorithms of the human body communication system in IEEE 802.15.6. The baseband receiver algorithms contain packet detection, sampling detection, subframe boundary detection, dispreading, start frame detection, and demodulation methods. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed receiver algorithms achieve the requirement of the receiver sensitivity. Finally, we utilize the Verilog code to implement the circuit of the proposed baseband receiver algorithms.

論文審定書 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖次 vii
表次 ix
第一章 導論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 發展背景與研究動機 2
1.3 論文架構概述 3
第二章 IEEE 802.15.6 實體層標準 4
2.1 實體層介紹 4
2.2 Human Body Communication實體層標準 4
2.2.1 實體層架構簡介 4
2.2.2 實體層PPDU格式 5
2.2.3 實體層 PLCP Preamble 6
2.2.4 訊框起始符元與速率指標 8
2.2.5 實體層會聚協議標頭 12
2.2.6 實體層PSDU 14
2.2.7 擾亂器 15
2.2.8 串列轉並列與頻率選擇性展頻 16
2.2.9 頻率位移碼 17
2.2.10 領航訊號 17
2.2.11 接收機靈敏度 19
第三章 IEEE 802.15.6 HBC基頻演算法設計 21
3.1 收發機簡介 21
3.2 無線傳輸通道模型 21
3.3 理想接收機 24
3.4 接收機之基頻端演算法設計 25
3.4.1 訊號累加器 25
3.4.2 封包偵測 26
3.4.3 能量偵測與降低取樣頻率 32
3.4.4 子訊框邊界偵測 33
3.4.5 訊框起始符元 34
3.4.6 解頻率選擇數位傳輸調變器 35
3.5 接收機演算法效能模擬 36
第四章 基頻端電路設計 39
4.1 接收端 39
4.2 接收端量化考量 39
4.3 封包偵測 41
4.4 降低取樣頻率器 42
4.5 子訊框邊界偵測器 43
4.6 解展頻器 45
4.7 演算法量化效能分析 45
第五章 硬體實現與模擬驗證 47
5.1 設計考量 47
5.2 模擬驗證結果 47
5.2.1 Pre-layout Simulation 49
5.3 晶片外觀 50
第六章 結論 52
參考文獻 53
中英對照表 55
全名縮寫對照表 60

[1] IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks, IEEE Std. 802.15.6–2012, Feb. 2012.
[2] IEEE 802.15 WPAN Task Group6 (TG6) Body Area Networks,
URL: http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG6.html
[3] IEEE Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), IEEE Std. 802.15.4a–2007, Sep. 2007.
[4] H. I. Park, I. G. Lim, S. W. Kang, and W. W. Kim, “Human body communication system with FSDT,” in IEEE ISCE’10 Symp., Braunchweig, June 7–10, pp. 1–5.
[5] C. K. Ho, X. Liu, and M. Je, “Data rate enhancement method for body channel frequency selective digital transmission scheme,” in IEEE IMWS-BIO’13, Singapore, Dec. 9–11, pp. 1–3.
[6] C. C. Wang, C. C. Huang, J. M. Huang, C. Y. Chang, and C. P. Li, “ZigBee 868/915 MHz modulator/ demodulator for wireless personal area network,” IEEE Trans. on VLSI, vol. 16, no. 7, pp.936–939, July 2008.
[7] C. C. Wang, J. M. Huang, C. Y. Chang, K. T. Cheng, and C. P. Li, “A 6.57 mW ZigBee transceiver for 868/915 MHz band,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symposium Circuits Syst. (ISCAS), Kos Island, Greece, 2006, pp. 5195–5198.
[8] T. W. Kang, I. G. Lim, J. H. Hwang, C. H. Hyoung, H. G. Park, and S. W. Kang, “A method of increasing data rate for human body communication system for body area network applications,” in IEEE VTC’12, Quebec, Sept. 3–6, pp. 1–5.
[9] C. K. Ho, J. H. Cheng, J. Lee, V. Kulkarni, P. Li, X. Liu, and M. Je, “High bandwidth efficiency and low power consumption Walsh code implementation methods for body channel communication,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 1867–1878, Sept. 2014.
[10] T. W. Kang, I. G. Lim, J. H. Hwang, S. E. Kim, S. W. Kang, K. H. Park, and S. W. Son, “A complexity-efficient human body communications,” in IEEE APCC’13, Denpasar, Aug. 29–31, pp. 445–446.
[11] C. H. Hyoung, S. W. Kang, S. O. Park, and Y. T. Kim, “Transceiver for human body communication using frequency selective digital transmission,” ETRI J., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 216–225, Apr. 2012.
[12] T. W. Kang, J. H. Hwang, C. H. Hyoung, I. G. Lim, H. I. Park, and S. W. Kang, “Performance evaluation of human body communication system for IEEE 802.15 on the effect of human body channel,” in IEEE Int. Symp. ISCE’11, Singapore, June 14–17, pp. 232–235.
[13] C. C. Wang, J. M. Huang, L. H. Lee, S. H. Wang, and C. P. Li, “A low-power 2.45 GHz ZigBee transceiver for wearable personal medical devices in WPAN,” in Proc. 2007 IEEE Inter. Conf. on Consumer Electronics (IEEE ICCE 2007), Las Vegas, USA, 10–14 Jan., 2007, pp. 10.2–5.
[14] C. C. Wang, J. M. Huang, C. Y. Chang, and C. P. Li, “868/915 MHz ZigBee receiver for personal medical assistance,” in Proc. 2006 IEEE Int. Conf. on Consumer Electronics (IEEE ICCE 2006), Las Vegas, USA, 12-14 Jan., 2006, pp. 461–462.
[15] Y. H. Liu, X. Huang, M. Vidojkovic, G. Dolmans, and H. Groot, “An energy-efficient polar transmitter for IEEE 802.15.6 body area networks：system requirements and circuit designs,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 118–127, Oct. 2012.