持久性有機污染物(persistent organic pollutants, POPs)，在自然環境中是廣泛分布的，其中如:多氯聯苯(polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs)這類污染物。由於其部分已被研究發現具有致癌性與致突變性(carcinogenicity and mutagenicity)，會藉由食物鏈的累積傳輸而最終危害創造這些污染物的人類，因此引起關注。本研究於2012年12月至2013年11月期間，分別在高雄市內四個區域採樣：北高雄(FS:左營區)、高雄市市區(AG:三民區)、南高雄(SG:小港區)，高雄近郊海岸地區(NYS:鼓山區)，以探討高雄不同區域大氣中多氯聯苯污染物的含量分布，以及可能的污染來源，進而了解高雄地區的污染情形。
本研究四個測站(SG、AG、FS、NYS)空氣總多氯聯苯年平均濃度依序為228±34.2 、190 ±43.2、186± 37.4、158 ±33.4 pg m-3，各測站氣相及顆粒相多氯聯苯平均濃度依序分別為209±28.8 pg m-3、171±38.3 pg m-3、167±31.6 pg m-3、140±28.4 pg m-3及18.9±5.45 pg m-3、19.3±4.91 pg m-3、19.6±5.76 pg m-3、17.5±5.04 pg m-3，整體而言，在總多氯聯苯及氣相方面皆是SG濃度最高，AG及FS次之，NYS則是最低，而在顆粒相部分則是四個測站並無太大差異。
以百分比組成、主成分分析及群集分析探討污染物來源，本研究之多氯聯苯同族物所佔比例中，主要以三~四氯為主，八~十氯所佔比例最少；而樣品可分為二個群集，第一群集以四氯同族物為最主要貢獻來源，三氯同族物次之，高氯數七至九氯所佔較低，且群集內的樣品大多是屬於春(3~5月)、夏(6~8月)兩季；第二群集則是三及四氯同族物平均濃度百分比相差不大，並且為主要貢獻來源，二氯同族物次之，且群集內的測站大多是屬於秋(9~11月)、冬(12~2月)兩季。
毒性當量可用來判斷污染物危害人體及環境的程度，本研究區域毒性當量範圍介於0.531~0.639 fg-TEQm-3 (0.0005~0.0006 pg-TEQm-3)，相對於其他文獻而言，本研究之毒性當量值較低。而四個測站皆以PCB114為最主要平面狀毒性多氯聯苯毒性當量影響的同源物。

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are widely distributed in the environment. Several studies have demonstrated that these pollutants will cause potential impacts such as carcinogenic and mutagenic for human health. In this study, four sampling stations in Kaohsiung were chosen, including FS (northern Kaohsiung), AG (city center), SG (southern Kaohsiung), and NYS (coastal area). We determined the concentrations of PCBs in the atmosphere to identify the potential sources and spatiotemporal distributions of PCBs in southern Taiwan.
The annual mean concentrations of atmospheric PCBs at SG, AG, FS, and NYS were 228±34.3, 191±43.2, 187±37.4, and 158±33.5 pg m-3, respectively. The mean PCB concentrations were 209±28.8 pg m-3, 172±38.3 pg m-3, 167±31.6 pg m-3, 141±28.4 pg m-3 in gas phase and were 18.9±5.45 pg m-3, 19.3±4.91 pg m-3, 19.6±5.76 pg m-3, 17.5±5.04 pg m-3 in particle phase, respectively. The highest concentration of PCBs was found at SG, followed by AG and FS, while the lowest one was found at NYS.
Results from compositional patterns and principal component analysis of PCBs indicate that the proportion of PCB congeners was mainly the tri and tetrachlorobiphenyls, while the lowest proportion of high-chlorinated congeners (Octachlorobiphenyls to decachlorobiphenyls) was observed in the present study. Results from hierarchical cluster analysis of PCBs can be divided into two clusters.The first cluster showed that tetrachlorobiphenyls was the predominant congener, followed by trichlorobiphenyls, and included most samples in spring (March – May) and summer (June – August). The other cluster, which obtained most samples in autumn (September – November) and winter (December – February), was dominant by trichlorobiphenyls and tetrachlorobiphenyls.
TEQ was used to determine the level of pollution for environment and human health. In this study area, the TEQ ranged from 0.531 to 0.639 fg-TEQm-3 (0.0005-0.0006 pg-TEQm-3). PCB114 was observed to be the predominant congener in this study.

論文審定書…………………………………………………………………..………….i
謝誌…………………………………………………………………………..….……...ii
摘要……………………………………………………………………………….…....iii
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………....v
目錄..................................................................................................................................vii
圖目錄.............................................................................................................................ix
表目錄.............................................................................................................................xi
附錄目錄.................................................................................................................. …..xii
第一章 前言....................................................................................................................1
1-1 研究動機 ............................................................................................................1
1-2 研究目的 ............................................................................................................2
第二章 文獻回顧.............................................................................................................3
2-1 持久性有機污染物............................................................................................3
2-2 多氯聯苯概述 ...................................................................................................6
2-3多氯聯苯的物化特性……....….……………………………………………..10
2-3-1物理特性.................................................................................................10
2-3-2化學特性.................................................................................................10
2-4 多氯聯苯之來源及使用..................................................................................13
2-5 多氯聯苯毒性及傳播途徑……….……………………………………….…15
第三章 研究方法..........................................................................................................16
3-1 材料與儀器 .....................................................................................................16
3-1-1 材料 …………………………………………………………………...16
3-1-2 試藥及器具前處理 ……………………………………………………17
3-1-3 儀器設備 ……………………………………………………………...17
3-2 採樣與保存 …...……..………………..……………………………………..18
3-2-1 採樣的時間與地點.................................................................................18
3-2-2 採樣方法……………………………………….……………………...19
3-3 樣品分析………………………...…………………………………………...19
3-4 品保及品管(QA/QC) …………....…………...…………………………….. 20
3-4-1 方法回收率……………………………………………………………20
3-4-2 實驗空白 ………………………………………………………………21
3-4-2 方法偵測極限…………………………………………………………21
3-5 主成分分析(Principal Components Analysis, PCA)…....………………….. 21
3-6 群集分析(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, HCA) …………………………… .22
3-7 毒性當量(Toxic Equivalent Quantities ,TEQ) ............................................... .22


第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………………………………24
4-1濃度分布……………………………………………………………………. 24
4-1-1 總多氯聯苯濃度空氣分布................................................................. 28
4-1-2 總多氯聯苯濃度季節變化..................................................................... 28
4-1-3 懸浮微粒與 多氯聯苯之關係............................................................... 29
4-2 含量與組成分析 .......................................................................................... 32
4-3 階層群集分析(Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, HCA) ................................... 39
4-4 主成分分析(Principal Components Analysis, PCA) .................................... 43
4-5 多氯聯苯之總毒性當量(Toxic Equivalent Quantities,TEQ) ........................ 57
4-6 多氯聯苯之文獻比較 ...................................................................................67
4-6-1 與國內文獻之比較.............................................................................67
4-6-2 與國外文獻之比較 ............................................................................67
第五章 結論與建議..........................................................................................................71
5-1 結論 ...............................................................................................................71
5-2 建議 ...............................................................................................................72
參考文獻………………………………………………………..………………...........73
附表………………………………..…………………………………………......….....77

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