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博碩士論文 etd-0809115-163958 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0809115-163958
論文名稱
Title
創新壓電發電器於大氣質譜游離源之應用
Novel piezo-generator as the ion source for ambient mass spectrometry detection
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
93
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2015-08-28
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2015-09-09
關鍵字
Keywords
大氣壓化學游離法、脫附游離、電暈放電、質譜、壓電、紙層析
Paper chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Piezoelectric material, Corona discharge, Desorption/Ionization, Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5657 次,被下載 52
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5657 times, has been downloaded 52 times.
中文摘要
本研究利用打火機壓電材料按壓產生電暈放電的特性,設計數種不同形式的游離源,將其運用在質譜偵測的電壓源使用上。其中傳統的游離源在使用上,高壓電源的供應在游離的過程中也扮演著非常重要的角色,幾乎大多數的游離源皆必須連接一高壓電源的使用,本研究開發其中一種利用壓電材料來取代一般游離源需要使用的高壓電源供應器,並利用快速的黃光微影製程設計一微電漿晶片,製作一套輕巧且便於攜帶的質譜前端游離源系統。針對壓電發電器的放電特性、在微電漿晶片中的放電光譜特性、不同電極所產生的電場對於離子濃度的影響來做量測,比較其中的差異並且探討最適合的參數。樣本的脫附游離為利用質譜檢測做質量分析前非常重要的一個步驟,而打火機壓電發電器所產生的高壓能夠提供相對足夠的溫度及能量對樣本進行脫附及游離。因此另外也運用壓電發電器本身能夠產生高壓的電暈放電,且形成放電電弧放沿著各種固體樣本表面劃過的特性,直接針對數種不同的標準樣本及天然物樣本進行直接分析。本研究也結合紙層析法,量測經濾紙層析後沉澱於濾紙上的樣本分析物,其結果顯示出,壓電發電器能夠有效的對經濾紙層析分離後的樣本分子進行直接游離。打火機壓電發電器能夠產生10 kV到12 kV的電暈放電脈衝,每個脈衝所帶來的能量都足以能夠使通過的氦氣流產生均勻的氦氣電漿,而其中所量測到的離子強度也高達105 ions/cm3,離子密度顯示出高能量的電暈放電可以有效的同時脫附及游離樣本。此外,快速、低成本及可攜式的質譜檢測能夠在本研究所提出的系統上以更簡單的方式呈現。本系統可以直接針對各種固體樣本進行直接的質譜游離,不需要經由繁複的樣本前處理步驟,便可以得到明確且有高辨識度的質譜訊號圖。不同的樣本測試結果顯示出除了標準樣本的量測外,同時也能夠針對天然物樣本進行檢測分析,此創新的裝置系統將對未來質譜的發展提供一個良好的量測架構。
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for both quantitative and qualitatively analyzing specific chemical compositions in samples. Mass spectrometry is usually adopted in protein, pesticides, plasticizers, chemical additives and artificial hormones detection in food and agriculture industries. In this study, lighters piezoelectric material is used to produce a corona discharge for design several different forms of ion sources, which was used in mass spectrometry as the high voltage power supply. A low-cost lighter piezo-generator is capable of producing a high voltage pulse of 10~12 kV for generating corona discharge. The energetic corona discharge simultaneously desorbs and ionizes the solid samples for mass spectrometry detections. Results shows that the discharge behavior of the lighter piezo-generator is stable enough for producing high voltage pulses and the measured ion intensity is higher than 105 ions/cm3. Use the photolithography process to design a microplasma chip, and making a lightweight and portable ionization ion source system. The discharge characteristics of the piezoelectric generator and the spectral characteristics in the micro plasma discharge in the microplasma chip was detected. And the optical emission spectrum of the discharged glow indicates that helium and oxygen are successfully discharged. This study also measured the relationship between the electric field strength and the TIC (total ion concentration) with different electrode distances from 5 mm to 15 mm. Results showed that the lighter piezo-generator could generate a measured ion intensity of up to 105 ions/cm3 which was high enough for MS detection applications. Although a smaller gap could produce higher ion intensity, a 5 mm gap for the discharge electrode was determined to leave the space for sample loading purpose. The energetic and relatively high temperature corona discharge was used for simultaneously desorbing and ionizing the sample for MS detection. The study also combine paper chromatography to form a kind of novel ionization method. The results show that the piezoelectric generator can effectively detect sample molecules separated by paper chromatography. Standard sample of caffeine is used to evaluate the sensing performance of the developed ion source. In addition, three clinical medicines including a human sex hormone of estradiol, panadol tablet and a typical steroid of clenbuterol are successfully detected. The developed ion sources by the lighter piezo-generator has demonstrated the possibility for establishing a portable MS detection system.
目次 Table of Contents
審定書 i
致謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 vi
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xiii
符號表 xiv
簡寫表 xv
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 常壓電漿大氣質譜法及大氣質譜游離源簡介 2
1.3 常壓大氣質譜法游離源技術回顧 5
1.3.1 脫附電噴灑游離法 6
1.3.2 實時直接分析法 7
1.3.3 大氣電漿輔助脫附/游離法 8
1.3.4 低溫電漿探針 10
1.3.5 介電質放電游離法 11
1.3.6 脫附電暈束游離質譜法 13
1.4 壓電材料的應用技術回顧 14
1.5 研究動機及目的 17
1.6 論文架構 19
第二章實驗原理 21
2.1 質譜偵測基本原理 21
2.2 氦氣電漿的游離機制與簡介 22
2.2.1 氦氣電漿 22
2.2.2 氦氣電漿的游離機制 24
2.3 直流電暈放電 26
2.4 壓電材料的基本原理 27
2.4.1 正壓電效應 27
2.4.2 逆壓電效應 28
2.4.3 壓電材料的種類 29
2.5 光學微影製程 30
2.5.1 塗布光阻 30
2.5.2 曝光及顯影 31
2.6 紙層析法基本原理 32
2.7 實驗設計 34
2.8 實驗檢測目標 35
2.8.1 壓電發電器結合微晶片的質譜量測 35
2.8.2 運用壓電發電器電暈放電的質譜量測 35
第三章實驗與方法 37
3.1 微流體晶片製作 37
3.1.1 基板清洗與磁控濺鍍 38
3.1.2 黃光微影製程 39
3.2 壓電發電器的特性 40
3.2.1 壓電發電器放電的特性 41
3.3 放電特性與量測設備 43
3.3.1 示波器 43
3.3.2 高壓探棒 44
3.3.3 雪崩光電二極體 45
3.4 光譜分析 45
3.5 質譜分析 46
3.6 壓電發電器結合微晶片整體架構與實驗流程 48
3.6.1 實驗整體架構 48
3.6.2 氣體供應 50
3.7 紙層析系統及質譜量測架構與實驗流程 51
3.7.1 濾紙選用 51
3.7.2 紙層析系統實驗架構與流程 52
第四章實驗結果與討論 53
4.1 壓電發電器的基本特性量測 53
4.1.1 電壓訊號量測 53
4.1.2 APD與電壓關係量測 (電壓與光強度) 54
4.1.3 電場強度與總離子濃度的關係 (電極距離) 55
4.2 OES光譜訊號量測 56
4.2.1 氦氣電漿光譜訊號的驗證 57
4.2.2 不同裝置所量測到的光譜訊號 58
4.3 壓電發電器結合微晶片的質譜量測 59
4.3.1 標準樣本量測 59
4.3.2 天然物樣本量測 61
4.4 運用壓電發電器電暈放電的質譜量測 63
4.4.1 標準樣本量測 63
4.4.2 天然物樣本量測 66
4.4.3 結合紙層析量測 68
第五章結論與未來展望 71
5.1 結論 71
5.2 未來展望 72
參考文獻 73
自述 77
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