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博碩士論文 etd-0810105-132721 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0810105-132721
論文名稱
Title
愛河及前鎮河水體中多環芳香烴含量分佈之研究
The distribution of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Love River and Chianjen River
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
104
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2005-07-28
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2005-08-10
關鍵字
Keywords
愛河、指標分析、群集分析、多環芳香烴、前鎮河
isomer ratio, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, HCA, Love River, Chianjen River
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5634 次,被下載 48
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5634 times, has been downloaded 48 times.
中文摘要
回顧高雄市的都市發展與開發歷史,皆與愛河及前鎮河有密不可分的關聯,此兩河川河畔大小工廠林立且人口密集,所流經的區域都是高雄市的政經精華區,然而,近數十年的都市發展,由工業及家庭所衍生大量有機污染物質,如多環芳香烴(PAHs),因部份化合物具有致癌性,而特別受到矚目及研究重視。
本研究係針對兩河川進行水體中沉積物及懸浮固體物中多環芳香烴含量的分析及季節性變化的調查,並對水體中的多環芳香烴的來源及特性做探討。研究結果發現愛河乾雨季沉積物及水中懸浮固體物中多環芳香烴的分布介於110-4300(ng g-1 dry wt)及1500-7000(ng g-1 dry wt)之間。另一河川,前鎮河乾雨季沉積物的總多環芳香烴含量分布為230-3900(ng g-1 dry wt)之間,水中懸浮固體物則是介於490-9200(ng g-1 dry wt),相較兩河川沉積物含量,發現乾雨季前鎮河多環芳香烴平均濃度高於愛河,且顯示了含有較高濃度值的測站主要是集中在人口較密集以及鄰近有工業區的區域。本研究之沉積物及水中懸浮固體物之總多環芳香烴與國外文獻相比屬於中污染的範圍。
兩河川中總多環芳香烴濃度與總有機碳含量之相關性,除前鎮河水中懸浮固體物外,其餘皆呈現顯著相關;然而與平均粒徑大小皆呈現不顯著相關。依沉積物品質參考準則(SQGs),只有測站自由橋(L8)之總多環芳香烴濃度高於ERL規範值,其餘大多數測站測值在安全範圍內,顯示應不會對底棲生物造成影響。對單一化合物而言,水體之低分子量多環芳香烴較多超過SQGs之ERL、LET及LAET規範值。
群集分析(HCA)結果顯示,不論乾雨季兩河川之沉積物或水中懸浮固體物明顯區分出上下游兩個群集,乃由於兩河川中游測站皆設置了截流站,阻絕兩河段河水的交換所導致此結果。整體而言,愛河沉積物之多環芳香烴主要由車輛排放燃燒所產生,而水中懸浮物則較傾向石油來源。對於前鎮河大多數測站,不論沉積物或水中懸浮固體物都傾向燃燒來源。
Abstract
Turning back to look Kaohsiung city’s development and history of exploitation, both of them had a close relationship with the Love River and Chianjen River. Along the rivers, there are numerous industrial estates and large population. The basin of the rivers is important in politics and economy to Kaohsiung. However, the development of Kaohsiung also causes organic pollution, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), released to water system. Furthermore, some of these pollutants are carcinogenic, so that this topic is quite important.
This study investigates PAHs concentrations and seasonal variations in sediments and suspended solids of these two rivers. Total PAHs concentrations varied from 110 to 4300(ng g-1 dry wt) in sediments and 1500 to 7000(ng g-1 dry wt) in suspended solids of the Love River. Total PAHs concentrations of sediments and suspended solids of the Chianjen River exhibited in the range of 230-3900 (ng g-1 dry wt) and 490-9200 (ng g-1 dry wt), respectively. The average PAHs concentration during rain/ dry season of the Chianjen River is significantly higher than those of the Love River. Compared with global data in literature, level of total PAHs concentrations in sediments and suspended solids of the Love River and Chianjen River belongs to moderate pollution.
Total PAHs and total organic carbon (TOC) is significantly related except suspended solids of the Chianjen River. However, the relationship between total PAHs concentrations and mean particle size is not significant because of inequilibrium resulted from different sources. Referring to Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), most of stations are in safe range, only total PAHs concentrations at station L8 in rainy season is significantly higher than the standard ERL value. For each individual compound, the concentrations of many low-molecular-weight PAHs are higher than their standard ERL、LET and LAET values.
The result of HCA shows that in both dry and rain season, these two rivers’ sediments and suspended solids are separated into upstream and downstream groups. It is believed that the existence of an intercept device set up in midstream of both rivers is the reason. The PAHs in sediments of the Love River is mainly contributed from automobile exhaustion, while suspended solids in the Love River is mainly contributed from petrogenic source. However, both sediments and suspended solids in the Chianjen River are mainly contributed from combustion pollution.
目次 Table of Contents
謝誌
摘要
Abstract
目錄 Ⅰ
圖目錄 Ⅳ
表目錄 Ⅵ
附表目錄 Ⅶ
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻探討 4
2-1 持久性有機污染物 4
2-2 環境荷爾蒙 5
2-3 多環芳香烴(PAHs)基本性質 6
2-4 多環芳香烴(PAHs)的來源 6
2-5 多環芳香烴(PAHs)的毒理特性 7
2-6 環境中的多環芳香烴(PAHs) 8
2-7 多環芳香烴(PAHs)的化學指紋鑑識 10
2-8 背景簡述 11
2-8-1 地理文化特性 11
2-8-2 氣象 12
2-8-3 潮汐 12
第三章 研究方法 23
3-1 採樣地點及時間 23
3-2 材料與儀器 23
3-2-1 材料 23
3-2-2 設備 24
3-3 試藥及器具前處理 25
3-4 樣品的採樣與保存 25
3-5 樣品前處理 26
3-6 多環芳香烴分析方法 26
3-7 儀器分析 27
3-7-1 分析方法 27
3-7-2 定量方式 28
3-8 總有機碳分析 29
3-9 粒徑分析 29
3-10 溶解態總有機碳 29
3-11 品保與品管(QA/QC) 29
3-11-1 方法回收率 29
3-11-2 實驗空白分析 30
3-11-3 標準查核樣品分析 30
3-11-4 方法偵測極限 30
3-12 統計方析 30
第四章 結果與討論 36
4-1 多環芳香烴含量分布 36
4-1-1 沉積物中多環芳香烴之含量 36
4-1-2 水中懸浮固體物中多環芳香烴之含量 37
4-2 總多環芳香烴與全球檢測結果比較 38
4-3 總多環芳香烴與粒徑大小、總有機碳相關性分析 40
4-4 多環芳香烴指標分析(isomer ratio) 41
4-4-1 愛河測站多環芳香烴之來源 41
4-4-2 前鎮河測站多環芳香烴之來源 42
4-5 沉積物中多環芳香烴濃度對水中生物影響評估 43
4-6 群集分析(HCA)結果 46
第五章 結論與建議 74
5-1 結論 74
5-2 建議 76
參考文獻 77
附錄 86

圖目錄
圖2-1 有機氯化物在環境中的衍生與宿命及海洋系統中食物鏈累積情形 13
圖2-2 美國環保署列為16種優先處理的多環芳香烴 14
圖2-3 高雄市列管水污染源家數、行業別分布圖 15
圖3-1 愛河採樣點示意圖 31
圖3-2 前鎮河採樣點示意圖 32
圖4-1 愛河沉積物之總多環芳香烴含量 48
圖4-2 愛河沉積物之總多環芳香烴濃度分布示意圖 48
圖4-3 前鎮河沉積物之總多環芳香烴含量 49
圖4-4 前鎮河沉積物之總多環芳香烴濃度分布示意圖 49
圖4-5 愛河懸浮固體物之總多環芳香烴含量 50
圖4-6 愛河懸浮固體物之總多環芳香烴濃度分布示意圖 50
圖4-7 前鎮河懸浮固體物之總多環芳香烴含量 51
圖4-8 前鎮河懸浮固體物之總多環芳香烴濃度分布示意圖 51
圖4-9 愛河沉積物多環芳香烴之isomer ratio 52
圖4-10 愛河水中懸浮固體物多環芳香烴之isomer ratio 53
圖4-11 前鎮河沉積物多環芳香烴之isomer ratio 54
圖4-12 前鎮河水中懸浮固體物多環芳香烴之isomer ratio 55
圖4-13 愛河及前鎮河多環芳香烴之isomer ratio 56
圖4-14 愛河沉積物之多環芳香烴濃度與ERL值 57
圖4-15 愛河水中懸浮固體物之多環芳香烴濃度與ERL值 57
圖4-16 前鎮河沉積物之多環芳香烴濃度與ERL值 58
圖4-17 前鎮河水中懸浮固體物之多環芳香烴濃度與ERL值 58
圖4-18 愛河HCA分析結果 59
圖4-19 雨季愛河沉積物多環芳香烴之含量分布 60
圖4-20 愛河水中懸浮固體物多環芳香烴之含量分布 61
圖4-21 前鎮河之HCA分析結果 62
圖4-22 前鎮河沉積物多環芳香烴之含量分布 63
圖4-23 前鎮河水中懸浮固體物之多環芳香烴之含量分布 64



表目錄
表2-1 12種持久性有機污染物(POPs)之毒性及致癌分類 16
表2-2 聯合國環境規劃署建議增列持久性有毒物質 17
表2-3 24種多環芳香烴的物化特性 18
表2-4 16種優先處理多環芳香烴的RPF值 20
表2-5 不同環境中多環芳香烴之半衰期 21
表2-6 常見的多環芳香烴指紋鑑定 22
表3-1 各測站之多環芳香烴擬似標準品回收率 33
表3-2 標準沉積物SRM 1941a 多環芳香烴分析結果 34
表3-3 方法偵測極限 35
表4-1 水中懸浮固體物(SS)濃度 65
表4-2 文獻上全球近岸及河川沉積物之總多環芳香烴濃度分布 66
表4-3 文獻上全球近岸及河川懸浮固體物之總多環芳香烴濃度分布68
表4-4 各測站粒徑分析結果 69
表4-5 各測站沉積物之總有機碳(TOC)分析結果 70
表4-6 各測站水中懸浮固體物之有機碳(POC)分析結果 71
表4-7 相關係數矩陣表 72
表4-8 沉積物品質參考準則中多環芳香烴濃度 73

附表目錄
附表1 愛河測站沉積物之多環芳香烴含量 87
附表2 愛河測站水中懸浮固體物之多環芳香烴含量 88
附表3 前鎮河測站沉積物之多環芳香烴含量 89
附表4 前鎮河測站水中懸浮固體物之多環芳香烴含量 90
附表5 愛河各測站環境因子測值 91
附表6 前鎮河各測站環境因子測值 92
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