人口健康與全球化之間的關係可建立在人員流通、藥品進口、飲水衛生改善，醫療技術引進和新藥投入病患治療以改善公眾健康等；以往學者更指出全球化可藉由所得、教育、營養與公共健康四個面向來影響預期生命。於是，有別於現今文獻僅圍繞於醫療支出與國內生產毛額 (gross domestic product, GDP) 之關係探討，本文旨在應用適合處理異質性資料之Pedroni (1999, 2004) 追蹤資料共整合分析（panel cointegration）與 Fully Modified OLS 等計量方法來探討全球化衝擊下，國內生產毛額與醫療支出是否存有長期均衡關係？以跨洲比較為主，研究資料含跨期間 1995 至 2004 年共 10 年，樣本國家共 87 個，包含 12 個歐洲國家、 21 個中、南美洲國家、 20 個亞洲國家與 34 個非洲國家。實證結果發現，在全球化的腳步的驅使下，無論是開發中國家整體或是跨洲樣本間，國內生產毛額與醫療支出之間皆存有長期均衡關係。大體上政府增加醫療投資以及加速全球化的腳步，將有助於國內生產毛額的提高；特別是在歐、亞地區，全球化是一項能左右醫療支出對於國內生產毛額之影響的重要因素。而全球化同樣能增進國內生產毛額對於醫療支出的影響，以中、南美洲影響最為顯著。本文的研究發現可提供未來學者於研究醫療支出與國內生產毛額之間的關係時，一種不同層面的思考方向。

The relationship between health and globalization may be constructed on improving public health through the flow of personnel, the import of medication, the quality improvement of drinking water, the utility of new medical technology, and the use of new medication on patients. Some scholars have pointed out that globalization may affect life expectancy from four aspects as income, education, nutrition, and public health. Unlike the existing literature primarily focuses on the correlation between health expenditure and GDP (gross domestic product), we examine to see whether a cointegration relationship between GDP and health expenditure exists under the impact of globalization by applying the panel cointegration test of Pedroni (1999, 2004) which allows heterogeneous data analysis and the Fully Modified OLS test. This paper mainly conducts a cross-continental comparison by using the data in the period from 1995 to 2004 of an estimate sample of 87 developing countries which consists of 12 European countries, 21 Central and South American countries, 20 Asian countries, and 34 African countries. The result shows that the existence of a cointegration relationship between GDP and health expenditure in both the overall developing countries and the cross-continental sample countries. Generally, investment of health and a fast pace of globalization progress boost GDP; especially in Europe and Asia, globalization is a very important factor in influencing the effectiveness of health expenditure upon GDP. In central and south America, the effect of globalization on the effectiveness of GDP to health expenditure is the most significant. The findings of this paper offer future researchers a different aspect for viewing and studying the correlation between health expenditure and GDP.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
章節目錄 iii
圖表目錄 iv
圖表目錄 iv
第一章 緒論與研究目的 1
第一節 緒論 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
第一節 醫療保健支出與經濟成長 3
第二節 全球化、經濟成長與醫療支出 5
第三章 研究方法 8
第四章 實證分析結果 10
第一節 研究變數來源 10
第二節 實證結果分析 11
第三節 跨洲實證結果 13
第五章 結論與建議 16
參考文獻 19
圖表目錄
表 1 變數單根檢定 23
表 2 追蹤資料共整合分析法(整體樣本國家: 87國) 24
表 3 全體樣本下完全修正普通最小平方法(應變數:GDP) 25
表 4 全體樣本下完全修正普通最小平方法 (應變數: HCE) 26
表 5 Panel FMOLS (Group) 整體樣本國家分析結果(87國) 27
表 6 追蹤資料共整合分析法(跨洲) 28
表 7 Panel FMOLS (Group) (跨洲) 29
表 8 變數跨洲因果關係結果 30

附錄
附錄 2008 KOF 全球化指標組成要素 31

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