隨著環保意識的抬頭及政府的重視，民眾對生活環境的品質與維護的權益，已不同於以往採隱忍的方式，取而代之採檢舉陳情的做法。本研究即為此趨勢下之產物，研究對象為某工業區之壁紙廠，因其製程排氣具特殊異味，且廠址鄰近住宅區，故屢遭陳情檢舉，甚至激烈抗議，解決其異味問題遂為本研究之目標。
本研究分別以化學洗滌法、臭氧串聯活性碳法、生物滴濾塔三種異味控制方式進行壁紙製程排氣異味之去除，評估三者經濟成本與異味去除效果後，找尋最適本廠者，並進行實廠試驗，了解可行性。
結果顯示，化學洗滌法部分以「次氯酸鈉串聯過氧化氫」處理為佳，將次氯酸鈉洗滌液控制初始pH=7且有效氯濃度約800mg/L、過氧化氫洗滌液控制初始pH=12且過氧化氫濃度為0.2%時，對氣樣總濃度去除率約89%，就氣樣成分而言，對含氮氧類去除率最好約85%，烯烴類次之約41%，其次為烷烴類約22%，而對芳香族類與鹵化類沒有去除效果，且反應後有產生鹵化副產物之現象，就異味而言，處理後異味強度由2317降至130，就經濟評估而言，約NT$70/1000m3。
臭氧串聯活性碳法部分，以臭氧濃度控制於5ppm，臭氧接觸時間為12s，活性碳槽填充高度為8cm時，對氣樣總濃度去除率約95%，就氣樣成分而言，臭氧串聯活性碳法對各種類都有良好得去除效率，而以含氮氧類最高約94%，烷烴類次之約79%，其次為鹵化類約76%，烯烴類約41%，芳香族類約20%，就異味而言，處理後異味強度由2317降至N.D.(小於55)，就經濟評估而言，約NT$15685/1000m3。
生物滴濾塔部分，添加氮磷鹽馴養後，去除效果顯著提升，對氣樣總濃度去除率約83%，就氣樣成分而言，生物滴濾塔對所有物種都有不錯的去除效果，對烷烴類去除率最高約67%，含氮氧類次之約61%，其次為芳香族類約33%，鹵化類約18%，就異味而言，處理後異味強度由1737降至N.D.(小於55)，就經濟評估而言，約NT$13/1000m3。綜合評估，以生物滴濾塔為此三種處理方法中，最佳之處理方式。
考慮實廠佔地面積因素，實場試驗以化學洗滌法串聯臭氧，對總濃度去除率達90%，就氣樣成分而言，對大部分物種均有高於60%之去除率，但對鹵化物沒有去除率，就異味而言，處理後異味強度由1738降至N.D.(小於55)。整體而言，將不同處理方式串聯後使用，可增進異味之去除，於現行本廠應用上，可考慮化學洗滌法串聯臭氧。

With the increases of environmental awareness and attention by the government and audiences, people begin to prosecute the pollution makers instead of tolerance. This study tried to control an air pollution source from a wallpaper plant for the purpose of attenuating odor prosecutes by residents near the plant.
This study investigated chemical scrubbing, ozonation followed by GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) adsorption and biotrickling filtration techniques as control methods for eliminating odorous compounds from a waste gas stream emitted from the wallpaper plant.
Scrubbing test results indicate that with an oxidative solution of 800 mg/L residual chlorine at pH 7.0 and a reductive solution of 0.2% hydrogen peroxide at pH = 12, around 90% of the VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in the tested gas could be removed. Odor intensities could be reduced from 2,317 (expressed as dilutions to threshold) to 130. Results also indicate that around 85 % of the carbonyl compounds, 41% of the alkenes and 22% of the alkanes in the waste gas could be eliminated. No removal of aromatic and halo-hydrocarbons was observed. It requires around NT$70 for chemicals to treat 1000 m3 of the gas.
Ozonation-GAC adsorption tests indicate that with an ozone dosage of 5 ppm in the waste gas and a gas-ozone contact time of 12 s followed by GAC adsorption, around 95% of the VOCs in the tested gas could be removed. Odor intensities were reduced from 2,317 to <55. Around 94 % of the carbonyl compounds, 79% of the alkanes, 76% of halo-hydrocarbons, 41% of the alkenes and 20% of aromatics in the waste gas could be removed. Around NT$ 15,700 for ozone and GAC is required to treat 1000m3 of the gas.
Results from biotrickling filtration tests indicate that with the supplementations of nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients to biofilms attached to wood-chip packings, around 83% of the influent VOCs could be biodegraded. Odor intensities could be reduced from 1,737 to <55. Around 61 % of the carbonyl compounds, 67% of the alkanes, 18% of halo-hydrocarbons and 33% of aromatics in the waste gas could be removed. Around NT$ 13 is required to treat 1000m3 of the gas.
For an actual application, it is suggested that a process that a combination of chemical scrubbing and ozonation-GAC adsorption may be a proper solution to the control of the odorous emission from the plant. Biotrickling filtration can be best after verifying the performances of the technique by a pilot test.

謝誌…………………………………………………I
中文摘要……………………………………………II
英文摘要……………………………………………IV
目錄…………………………………………………VI
圖目錄………………………………………………X
表目錄………………………………………………XIII
第一章前言…………………………………………1-1
1.1 研究動機………………………………………1-1
1.2 研究內容與架構……………………………… 1-3
第二章文獻回顧……………………………………2-1
2.1 PVC 乳膠壁紙簡介……………………………2-1
2.1.1 壁紙淺談……………………………………2-1
2.1.2 PVC 乳膠淺談……………………………… 2-3
2.1.3 PVC 乳膠壁紙製程與異味來源……………2-5
2.2異味…………………………………………… 2-7
2.2.1 異味淺談……………………………………2-7
2.2.2 異味量測(官能測定法)………………………2-10
2.2.3 異味量測(儀器分析法)………………………2-16
2.2.4 目前異味量測瓶頸……………………………2-17
2.2.5 異味處理技術…………………………………2-18
2.3 化學洗滌法………………………………………2-22
2.3.1 反應原理………………………………………2-22
2.3.2 常用化學洗滌設備……………………………2-26
2.3.3 化學洗滌適用範圍及藥劑……………………2-27
2.3.4 相關文獻………………………………………2-30
2.4 臭氧-活性碳法………………………………… 2-31
2.4.1 反應原理………………………………………2-31
2.4.2 臭氧與有機物反應機制……………………… 2-32
2.4.3 臭氧尾氣處理…………………………………2-33
2.4.4 相關文獻………………………………………2-34
2.5 生物滴濾塔………………………………………2-35
2.5.1 生物處理法比較………………………………2-35
2.5.2 生物滴濾塔原理………………………………2-38
2.5.3 生物滴濾塔優點………………………………2-39
2.5.4 影響生物滴濾塔處理效率因素………………2-39
2.5.5 相關文獻……………………………………2-41
第三章研究方法與設備……………………………… 3-1
3.1 研究架構………………………………………… 3-1
3.2 氣樣產生………………………………………… 3-2
3.3 化學洗滌法試驗………………………………… 3-3
3.3.1 實驗藥品與氣體………………………………3-3
3.3.2 實驗設備………………………………………3-3
3.3.3 分析儀器………………………………………3-4
3.3.4 分析方法………………………………………3-4
3.3.5 實驗流程………………………………………3-7
3.3.6 實驗目的………………………………………3-8
3.4 臭氧-活性碳法試驗…………………………… 3-8
3.4.1 實驗藥品與氣體………………………………3-8
3.4.2 實驗設備…………………………………………3-8
3.4.3 分析設備…………………………………………3-10
3.4.4 分析方法…………………………………………3-10
3.4.5 實驗流程…………………………………………3-10
3.4.6 實驗目的…………………………………………3-11
3.5 生物滴濾塔試驗………………………………… 3-12
3.5.1 實驗藥品與氣體…………………………………3-12
3.5.2 實驗設備…………………………………………3-13
3.5.3 分析設備…………………………………………3-15
3.5.4 分析方法…………………………………………3-16
3.5.5 實驗流程…………………………………………3-17
3.5.6 實驗目的…………………………………………3-18
3.6 實場試驗………………………………………… 3-19
3.6.1 實場介紹…………………………………………3-19
3.6.2 實驗設備與材料…………………………………3-20
3.6.3 分析設備…………………………………………3-20
3.6.4 實驗流程…………………………………………3-20
3.6.5 實驗目的…………………………………………3-21
第四章結果與討論……………………………………4-1
4.1 化學洗滌法試驗…………………………………4-1
4.1.1 氧化劑……………………………………………4-1
4.1.2 pH 值……………………………………………4-2
4.1.3 NaClO 消耗量…………………………………4-7
4.1.4 NaClO 濃度……………………………………4-7
4.1.5 Cl2 去除……………………………………… 4-8
4.1.6 綜合最佳參數之試驗……………………………4-9
4.2 臭氧-活性碳試驗………………………………… 4-10
4.2.1 臭氧濃度…………………………………………4-10
4.2.2 臭氧接觸時間……………………………………4-14
4.2.3 活性碳填充量............…………………………4-17
4.2.4 綜合最佳參數之試驗...………………………4-20
4.3 生物滴濾塔試驗…………………………………4-21
4.3.1 去除率與EBRT、濃度、有機負荷關係.............4-21
4.3.2 營養鹽…………………………………………4-24
4.3.3 pH 值……………………………………………4-25
4.3.4 CO2……………………………………………4-25
4.3.5 K/L……………………………………………4-26
4.3.6 微生物生長情形………………………………4-28
4.3.7 菌種鑑定………………………………………4-31
4.4 處理前後氣體成份分析比較……………………4-32
4.5 異味強度比較…………………………………… 4-41
4.6 經濟評估比較……………………………………4-42
4.7 實場試驗…………………………………………4-44
4.7.1 化學洗滌法串聯臭氧試驗……………………4-44
4.7.2 進排氣成分分析………………………………4-45
4.7.3 異味強度………………………………………4-49
第五章結論及建議……………………………………5-1
5.1 結論………………………………………………5-1
5.2 建議………………………………………………5-2
參考文獻………………………………………………6-1
附錄…………………………………………………… 7-1

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