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博碩士論文 etd-0810115-131722 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0810115-131722
論文名稱
Title
電腦輔助之背部肌肉訓練系統開發
Back Muscles Training Using Computer-Aided Design
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
85
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2015-08-18
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2015-09-10
關鍵字
Keywords
背部肌肉訓練、可撓應變感測器、肌電圖(EMG)、超音波影像
flexible strain sensor, electromyography, ultrasound imaging, back muscle training
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5653 次,被下載 74
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5653 times, has been downloaded 74 times.
中文摘要
因為現代人久坐跟各種姿勢不良的生活習慣,而產生身體肌肉上的痠痛,百分之八十以上的人都曾經有過腰酸背痛的經驗。本研究開發一套電腦輔助之背部肌肉訓練系統,此訓練系統相較於其他肌肉訓練系統,具有能夠在曲面肌肉量測的優點,最大優勢在於能夠立即提醒訓練者,調整姿勢至正確位置,輔助訓練者在訓練過程中,都是有效之訓練動作,以達到背部肌肉訓練與延緩使用者肌肉退化的效果。首先,先建立可撓應變感測器之電阻值變化與皮膚表皮應變量之關係,本研究成功找出可撓應變感測器之電阻值變化與皮膚表皮應變量呈現正相關,再來搭配LabVIEW儀控程式,藉由量測各感測器之於訓練過程中的即時電阻值變化,找出訓練過程中的動作缺失,此動作缺失導致電阻值劇烈變化跟亦將即時資訊顯示於螢幕上,以警鈴提醒進行背部肌肉訓練者,立即調整姿勢至正確位置。最後,研究中亦使用肌電圖(Electromyography, EMG)跟超音波影像量測系統,以驗證此可撓應變感測器背部肌肉訓練系統之訓練功效跟訓練部位判讀可行性。因此本研究開發的電腦輔助之背部肌肉訓練系統,可藉此有效訓練機制之確立,來達到背部肌肉訓練的效果。
Abstract
According to statistics, more than 80% of people have backache. Backache often occurs during one’s lifetime, while a sedentary lifestyle and incorrect posture habits, can aggravate the injury. This research aims at developing a back muscle training system using computer-aided design, and it is an effective way to prevent backache. Compared to other muscle training system, the biggest advantage of this training system is the trainee can be remind immediately to adjust himself to correct posture, which help the user to ensure all training actions during the process are effective, in order to train back muscles and retard muscular degeneration of the user. First, the relationship between the change of measured resistance of a flexible strain sensor and the length variety of the epidermis is developed. Then, one should measure the electric signal of flexible strain sensors attached at the detective position to obtain the strain of epidermis. In addition, ultrasound measurements and electromyography were used to verify the feasibility of the back muscles training system. Therefore, the back muscle training system developed in this project is expectable to achieve the appropriate effects for the training of back muscles.
目次 Table of Contents
目錄
中文摘要 ........................................................................................................................ I
Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II
圖目錄 ..........................................................................................................................IV
表目錄 ..........................................................................................................................VI
第 一 章 緒論 ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1 前言 .................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 肌肉訓練系統 .................................................................................................. 1
1.3 研究動機跟目標 .............................................................................................. 5
1.4 章節概要 .......................................................................................................... 6
第 二 章 可撓應變感測器設計、製作與量測原理 ................................................ 8
2.1 可撓應變感測器製作與量測原理 .................................................................. 8
2.2 可撓應變感測器製備與選用 ........................................................................ 12
2.2.1 可撓應變感測器基材跟金屬層分析 ................................................. 12
2.2.2 可撓應變感測器金屬層分析 ............................................................. 16
第 三 章 電腦輔助之背部肌肉訓練系統開發 ...................................................... 21
3.1 羅馬椅直膝硬舉訓練 .................................................................................... 21
3.2 電腦輔助之背部肌肉訓練系統架設 ............................................................ 22
第 四 章 實驗結果與討論 ...................................................................................... 27
4.1 可撓陣列感測器電阻值變化量與皮膚表皮應變量之關係分析 ................ 27
4.1.1 羅馬椅直膝硬舉訓練表皮應變量檢測 ............................................. 27
4.1.2 可撓陣列感測器電阻值變化量檢測 ................................................. 29
4.2 肌肉訓練功效跟訓練部位判讀 .................................................................... 30
4.2.1 肌電圖(EMG) ..................................................................................... 31
4.2.2 超音波影像 ......................................................................................... 34
4.3 電腦輔助之背部肌肉訓練系統驗證 ............................................................ 38
4.3.1 耐久度分析 ......................................................................................... 38
4.3.2 背部肌肉訓練姿勢正確性即時判斷 ................................................ 49
第 五 章 結論與未來展望 ...................................................................................... 52
5.1 結論 ................................................................................................................ 52
5.2 未來展望 ........................................................................................................ 53
參考文獻 ...................................................................................................................... 56
附錄 .............................................................................................................................. 59
IV
圖目錄
圖2-1:增加脊椎前屈角度[15]................................................................................... 9
圖2-2:觸覺可撓感測器之應變規[16] ..................................................................... 10
圖2-3:資料擷取器安捷倫34907A 量測系統。 .................................................... 11
圖2-4:手腕屈曲運動:(a)伸直動作;(b)屈曲動作;(c)感測器實際手腕貼片圖。
..................................................................................................................................... 11
圖2-5:四種牌子親水性敷料表面照:(a)3M;(b)多愛膚DuoDERM;(c)涵特
HARTMANN;(d)SureSkin。 ................................................................................... 13
圖2-6:四種牌子親水性敷料濺鍍前放大25 倍表面圖:(a)3M;(b)多愛膚DuoDERM;
(c)涵特HARTMANN;(d)SureSkin。 ...................................................................... 14
圖2-7:四種牌子親水性敷料濺鍍後放大25 倍表面圖:(a)3M;(b)多愛膚DuoDERM;
(c)涵特HARTMANN;(d)SureSkin。 ...................................................................... 14
圖2-8:四種牌子手腕屈曲運動下電阻值變化關係圖:(a)3M;(b)多愛膚DuoDERM;
(c)涵特HARTMANN;(d)SureSkin。 ...................................................................... 15
圖2-10:可撓應變感測器電阻變化圖:(a)10 次拉伸試驗後;(b) 30 次拉伸試驗後。
..................................................................................................................................... 17
圖2-11:放大100 倍的感測器SEM 電子顯微圖:(a)進行拉伸試驗之前;(b)進行
表皮應變量30%之30 次拉伸試驗後。 ................................................................... 17
圖2-12:可撓應變感測器電阻變化圖:(a)只有鍍銀感測器之拉伸試驗30 次;(b)
有鍍鉻跟銀感測器之拉伸試驗30 次。 .................................................................... 18
圖2-13:可撓應變感測器製作流程圖:(a)濺鍍中介層(鉻)在軟性基材上;(b)濺鍍
電極層(銀)在軟性基材上;(c)在電極層接上訊號線。 .......................................... 20
圖2-14:可撓應變感測器實體圖。 ......................................................................... 20
圖3-1:羅馬椅直膝硬舉訓練[23]。 ......................................................................... 22
圖3-2:羅馬椅直膝硬舉訓練:(a)預備動作;(b)前屈動作[23]。 ............. 22
圖3-3:可撓應變陣列感測器實驗架設圖。 ........................................................... 23
圖3-4:LabVIEW 介面設定-Setting 設定頁面。 .................................................... 24
圖3-5:LabVIEW 介面-Test 實際量測頁面。 ........................................................ 24
圖3-6:LabVIEW 實際量測:(a) 訓練者左側彎動作;(b) LabVIEW 實際電腦螢
幕呈現。 ...................................................................................................................... 25
圖3-7:LabVIEW 介面-Chart 量測數據跟圖形頁面。 .......................................... 26
圖3-8:電腦輔助之背部肌肉訓練系統:(a)預備動作;(b)前屈動作;(A:可撓應
變陣列感測器;B:資料擷取器安捷倫34970A;C:電腦)。 ............................. 26
圖4-1:標記線在羅馬椅子訓練過程中每個測試的位置:(a)測量的位置;(b)預備
動作;(c)前屈動作。 ................................................................................................. 28
圖4-2:(a)各背部內部肌肉測試位置:(b)各背部肌肉表面應變量測試位置;(c)
V
各測試位置之應變量示意圖。 .................................................................................. 28
圖4-3:可撓應變陣列感測器位置跟對應之肌肉部位名稱。 ............................... 29
圖4-5:電阻值變化跟表皮皮膚應變量關係圖。 ................................................... 30
圖4-6:(a)EMG 肌電訊號測試位置;(b)肌肉部位肌電訊號圖。 ........................ 33
圖4-7:超音波實驗量測之斜方肌(上背部)位置。 ................................................. 35
圖4-8:超音波實驗:(a)量測之斜方肌位置;(b)預備動作時之超音波影像圖;(c)
前屈動作時之超音波影像圖。 .................................................................................. 36
圖4-9:超音波實驗量測豎脊肌中背位置。 ........................................................... 36
圖4-10:超音波實驗:(a)量測之豎脊肌中背位置;(b)預備動作時之超音波影像
圖;(c)前屈動作時之超音波影像圖。 ..................................................................... 36
圖4-11:超音波實驗量測豎脊肌下背位置。 ......................................................... 37
圖4-12 超音波實驗:(a)量測之豎脊肌下背位置;(b)預備動作時之超音波影像圖;
(c)前屈動作時之超音波影像圖。 ............................................................................. 37
圖4-13:豎脊肌下背之感測器10 次電阻變化情形:(a)位置1;(b)位置2;(c)位
置3;(d)位置4;(e)位置5。 ................................................................................... 39
圖4-14:擴背肌與豎脊肌中背之感測器10 次電阻變化情形:(a)位置6;(b)位置
7;(c)位置8;(d)位置9;(e)位置10。 ................................................................... 40
圖4-15:斜方肌之感測器10 次電阻變化情形:(a)位置11;(b)位置12;(c)位置
13;(d)位置14;(e)位置15。 .................................................................................. 41
圖4-16:豎脊肌下背之感測器30 次電阻變化情形:(a)位置1;(b)位置2;(c)位
置3;(d)位置4;(e)位置5。 ................................................................................... 42
圖4-17:擴背肌與豎脊肌中背之感測器30 次電阻變化情形:(a)位置6;(b)位置
7;(c)位置8;(d)位置9;(e)位置10。 ................................................................... 43
圖4-18:斜方肌之感測器30 次電阻變化情形:(a)位置11;(b)位置12;(c)位置
13;(d)位置14;(e)位置15。 .................................................................................. 44
圖4-19:(a)可撓陣列感測器10 次電阻值變化圖;(b)可撓陣列感測器30 次電阻
值變化圖。 .................................................................................................................. 48
圖4-20:電阻值變化跟應變關係圖:(a) 訓練作動10 次;(b) 訓練作動30 次。
..................................................................................................................................... 48
圖4-21:感測器表面產生皺摺且黏性不佳現象。 ................................................. 49
圖4-22:(a)羅馬椅直膝硬舉訓練姿勢不正確之側彎圖;(b)姿勢側彎下可撓陣列
感測器電阻值變化圖;(c)姿勢側彎下表皮皮膚應變量圖。 ................................. 50
圖4-23:(a)EMG 肌電訊號測試位置;(b)不正確訓練左側彎圖;(c)肌肉訓練部位
肌電訊號圖。 .............................................................................................................. 51
圖5-1:感測器與熱電偶測試位置。 ....................................................................... 54
圖5-2:(a)背部肌肉訓練遊戲構想圖[14];(b)穿戴式智慧衣電阻值變化示意圖。
..................................................................................................................................... 55
VI
表目錄
表2-1:RF 射頻濺鍍機參數設定 ............................................................................. 13
表2-2:手腕第一次屈曲運動下起始電阻跟電阻值變化 ....................................... 15
表2-3:手腕屈曲運動下拉伸應變跟電阻值變化關係表 ....................................... 16
表2-4:RF 射頻濺鍍機參數設定 ............................................................................. 19
表2-5:可撓應變感測器尺寸 ................................................................................... 19
表4-1:受測者體型資料 ........................................................................................... 27
表4-2:圖4-6 中R1~R4 不同位置EMG 肌電訊號................................................ 33
表4-3:內部脊椎骨骼肌肉拉伸長度及變化比較 ................................................... 37
表4-4:羅馬椅直膝硬舉訓練作動10 次 ................................................................. 45
表4-5:羅馬椅直膝硬舉訓練作動30 次 ................................................................. 46
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