本研究在南海北部採集溶解態與顆粒態有機碳、氮及磷(DOC、DON、DOP、POC、PON及POP)樣品進行分析，主要目的在探討南海北部透光層中有機碳季節性與空間性的分佈及其生地化作用過程。
南海北部透光層DOC濃度介於55∼147 μM C之間，DON濃度介於2.4∼9.9 μM N之間;DOP濃度介於0.13∼0.38 μM P之間。表水之空間分佈則以珠江口沿岸測站濃度最高，主要是由於珠江沖淡水帶來大量有機物所致。隨著離岸距離增加，濃度減少但DOC佔TOC百分比則增加。這是由於POC與DOC分佈與營養階層差異所造成。由DOM與密度的顯著關係顯示，垂直物理混合對上層海洋DOM分佈具重要影響。混合層以下AOU與DOM有顯著關係，而DOC分解耗氧約佔AOU之16%。由DOC、DON及DOP之間比值的變化顯示三者易於分解的程度為：DOP>DON>DOC。
南海北部透光層POC之濃度介於1.8∼17.7 μM C之間，PON濃度介於0.18∼2.45 μM N之間，POP濃度介於10∼163 nM P之間。顆粒有機碳在南海北部的分佈與葉綠素a分佈具有顯著相關，透光層中△POC/△PON的比值為4.59∼7.3，暗示著透光層中POM可能受到細菌或不同種類浮游動植物影響。比較有機碳向下通量及營養鹽向上通量，結果顯示有機碳向下通量大於營養鹽向上通量所相當的碳通量，暗示著在透光層中尚有其他營養鹽之來源。另一方面顯示有機碳通過透光層底部至躍溫層底部有機碳約消耗了20%∼50%，表示著有機碳有一大部分在此深度內分解，而後輸出至深海中。DIM中N/P比值在透光層中遠小於16，顯示無機氮的缺乏，而DOM之C/N比值皆高於Redfield ratio，暗示著DOM在透光層中必定扮演營養鹽循環與利用的角色。

The study investigated seasonal and spatial distributions and biogeochemical processes of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the upper layer of northern South China Sea (SCS). Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) in the euphotic zone of northern SCS were in the range of 55-147 μM, 2.4-9.9 μM and 0.13-0.38μM, respectively. A maximum concentration of DOC, DON and DOP, was found in the station close to the Pearl River due to freshwater input. The concentration of DOC decreased generally with distance away from the continent, but the ratio of DOC/TOC increased with distance primarily due to trophic dynamics. Concentrations of DOM were generally the highest in the surface layer and decreased with depth, but their C/N/P ratios increased with depth, indicating that both nitrogen and phosphorus were preferentially decomposed over carbon. Below the mixed layer, DOC degradation contributed only about 16% of AOU (apparent oxygen utilization). Inverse correlation between DOM and density was significant in the upper layer suggesting that the distributions of DOC, DON and DOP were largely controlled by vertical mixing. Inverse correlation was also significant between DOM and AOU, showing the effect of microbial decomposition on DOM in deep water. Concentrations of POC, PON and POP in the euphotic zone were in the range of 1.8-17.7μM, 0.18-2.45μM and 10-163 nM, respectively. Relatively high concentrations of POC, PON and POP in the surface water of inner shelf were also likely attributed to the input of the freshwater. Significant correlation between POC abundance and Chl-a suggested that phytoplankton abundance may control the distribution of POC. The ratio of △POC/△PON in the euphotic zone ranged from 4.57 to 7.3, implying various effects of bacteria and planktons on POM. A simple one-dimensional vertical eddy diffusion model was applied to estimate downward fluxes of DOC and POC and upward fluxes of nutrients across the boundary of euphotic layer and/or thermocline base. Total downward fluxes of organic carbon (OC) were compared with total upward nutrient-derived OC fluxes. The results suggested that additional nutrient sources in the euphotic layer were required to balance OC budgets. The ratios of DIN/DIP were much smaller than the Redifield N/P Ratio of 16:1, suggesting a status of N-limitation in the euphotic zone. The DOC/DON ratio, however, was much higher than the Redfield ratio. These results implied that DOM must play an important role in modulating nutrient cycling and food web dynamics in the euphotic layer.

目錄
英文摘要-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
中文摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------III
目 錄---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V
圖目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------VII
表目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------IX
第一章續論--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1-1研究背景------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
第二章研究材料與方法------------------------------------------------------------------------6
2.1 採樣----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
2.2 樣品分析---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
2.2-1溶解態有機碳測定-----------------------------------------------------------------9
2.2-2溶解態態有機氮-------------------------------------------------------------------10
2.2-3溶解態有機磷之測定--------------------------------------------------------------11
2.2-4顆粒態有機碳與氮之測定--------------------------------------------------------12
2.2-5顆粒態有機磷之測定--------------------------------------------------------------13
第三章結果與討論----------------------------------------------------------------------------14
3.1 各航次水文特徵-------------------------------------------------------------------------14
3.1.1 OR1-662航次水文描述-------------------------------------------------------------14
3.1.1-1 陸棚區（H.G.A.1站）------------------------------------------------------------14
3.1.1-2 陸棚區至海盆區（H.I.C.J站）--------------------------------------------------17
3.1.1-3 海盆區（J.D.F.M1）------------------------------------------------------------22
3.1.2 OR3-688航次水文描述-----------------------------------------------------------30
3.1.2-1 陸棚區（H.G.A.1站）---------------------------------------------------------30
3.1.2-2陸棚區至海盆區（H.I.C.J站）------------------------------------------------30
3.1.2-3海盆區（J.D.F.1站）-----------------------------------------------------------36
3.1.2-4 ORI 662 與 688航次----------------------------------------------------------36
3.2 ORI-662航次溶解態有機碳、氮及磷之分佈---------------------------------------39
3.2.1 ORI-662航次溶解態有機碳分佈 -----------------------------------------------39
3.2.2 ORI-662航次溶解態氮分佈 -----------------------------------------------------43
3.2.3 ORI-662航次溶解態有機磷分佈 ----------------------------------------------43
3.2.4 ORI-662航次溶解態有機碳、氮及磷之間的比值分佈--------------------46
3.3 ORI-662航次顆粒態有機碳、氮及磷之分佈--------------------------------------52
3.3.1 ORI-662航次顆粒態有機碳分佈------------------------------------------------52
3.3.2 ORI-662航次顆粒態有機氮分佈 ----------------------------------------------56
3.3.3 ORI-662航次顆粒態磷分佈-----------------------------------------------------56
3.3.4 ORI-662航次顆粒態有機碳、氮及磷之間的比值分佈--------------------59
3.4 ORI-688航次溶解態有機碳、氮及磷之分佈-------------------------------------59
3.4.1 ORI-688航次溶解態有機碳分佈-----------------------------------------------59
3.4.2 ORI-688航次溶解態有機氮分佈-----------------------------------------------62
3.4.3 ORI-688航次溶解態有機磷分佈-----------------------------------------------66
3.4.4 ORI-688航次溶解態有機碳、氮及磷之間的比值分佈--------------------66
3.5 ORI-688航次顆粒態有機碳、氮及磷之分佈-------------------------------------69
3.5.1 ORI-688航次顆粒態有機碳分佈-----------------------------------------------69
3.5.2 ORI-688航次顆粒態有機氮分佈------------------------------------------------72
3.5.3 ORI-688航次顆粒態有機磷分佈-----------------------------------------------72
3.5.4 ORI-688航次顆粒態有機碳、氮及磷之間的比值分佈--------------------73第四章、討論----------------------------------------------------------------------------------75
4.1影響溶解態有機物分佈之因子-----------------------------------------------------75
4.2 有機碳與葉綠素a之間的關係----------------------------------------------------79
4.3顆粒有機物在透光層的滯留時間--------------------------------------------------84
4.4 比較有機碳向下輸出通量與營養鹽向上輸入所造成之有機碳輸出通量----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------86
4.4.1 一維垂直窩流擴散模式---------------------------------------------------------88
4.4.2 沈降有顆粒有機碳通量---------------------------------------------------------89
4.4.3 比較有機碳向下通量與營養鹽向上輸入所造成之有機碳輸出通量----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------90
4.5 南海北部DOM、POM及DIM之間比值-------------------------------------91
第五章 結論---------------------------------------------------------------------------------98
參考文獻---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------102
中文部分---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------102
英文部分---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------104
















圖目錄
圖1.1、東北與西南季風影響南海北部表層環流圖------------------------------------- 5
圖2.1、ORI-662與ORI-688航次採樣位置------------------------------------------------7
圖3.1、ORI-662 陸棚區（H.G..A.1站）溫鹽圖-----------------------------------------15
圖3.2、ORI-662 陸棚區（H.G.A.1站）溫鹽垂直分佈圖-----------------------------16
圖3.3、陸棚區（H.G.A.1站）之（a）位溫和（b）鹽度剖面圖---------------------18
圖3.4、陸棚區（H.G.A.1站）之密度剖面圖--------------------------------------------19
圖3.5、ORI-662 陸棚區至海盆區（H.I.C.J站）溫鹽圖------------------------------20
圖3.6、ORI-662 陸棚區至海盆區（H.I.C.J站）溫鹽垂直分佈圖-------------------21
圖3.7、陸棚區至海盆區（H.I.C.J站）之（a）位溫和（b）鹽度剖面圖---------24
圖3.8、陸棚區至海盆區（H.I.C.J站）之密度剖面圖---------------------------------25
圖3.9、ORI-662 海盆區（J.D.F.M1站）溫鹽圖---------------------------------------26
圖3.10、ORI-662 海盆區（J.D.F.M1站）溫鹽垂直分佈圖--------------------------27
圖3.11、海盆區（J.D.F.M1站）之（a）位溫和（b）鹽度剖面圖-----------------28
圖3.12、海盆區（J.D.F.M1站）之密度剖面圖-----------------------------------------29
圖3.13、ORI-688 陸棚區（H.G.A.1站）溫鹽圖----------------------------------------31
圖3.14、ORI-688 陸棚區（H.G.A.1站）溫鹽垂直分佈圖---------------------------32
圖3.15、陸棚區（H.G.A.1站）之（a）位溫和（b）鹽度剖面圖---------------------33
圖3.16、ORI-688 陸棚區至海盆區（H.I.C.J站）溫鹽圖----------------------------34
圖3.17、ORI-688 陸棚區至海盆區（H.I.C.J站）溫鹽垂直分佈圖----------------35
圖3.18、ORI-688 海盆區（J.D.F站）溫鹽圖------------------------------------------37
圖3.19、ORI-688 海盆區（J.D.F站）溫鹽垂直分佈圖------------------------------38
圖3.20 ORI-662陸棚區、陸棚至海盆區及海盆區DOC垂直斷面圖--------------40
圖3.21 ORI-662航次陸棚測站DOC (●)及DOC/TOC (Δ)分佈圖-------------------41
圖3.22 ORI-662航次海盆測站DOC (●)及DOC/TOC (Δ)分佈圖-------------------41
圖3.23 ORI-662航次陸棚測站DOC (●)及Chl. a (□)分佈---------------------------42
圖3.24 ORI-662南海北部陸棚測站DOC (●)與DON (□)之垂直剖面圖----------44
圖3.25 ORI-662南海北部海盆測站DOC (●)與DON (□)之垂直剖面圖----------44
圖3.26 ORI-662南海北部DON之垂直斷面圖---------------------------------------45
圖3.27ORI-662南海北部DOP之垂直斷面圖------------------------------------------47圖3.28 ORI-662陸棚測站TDP (□)、DOP (△)與SRP (●)分佈圖-------------------48
圖3.29 ORI-662南海北部(a)TDP vs.DIP與(b)DIP vs. DOP關係圖-----------------49圖3.30 ORI-662航次各測站DOC/DON、DON/DOP、DOC/DOP比值分佈圖--51圖3.31 ORI-662航次陸棚測站POC (●)與PN (□)垂直分佈圖------------------------54圖3.32 ORI-662航次海盆測站 POC (●)與PN (□) 垂直分佈圖---------------------54圖3.33 ORI-662航次陸棚測站與海盆測站POC與Chl. a相關圖------------------55圖3.34 ORI-662航次POC垂直斷面圖-------------------------------------------------57圖3.35 ORI-662航次透光層PON垂直剖面圖----------------------------------------58
圖3.36 ORI-662航次海盆測站與陸棚區透光層POC與PN相關性圖-----------60圖3.37 ORI-662航次海盆測站與陸棚區透光層以下PO C與PON相關性圖--61
圖3.38 ORI-662航次透光層與透光層以下PON與POP相關圖------------------61圖3.39 ORI-688航次陸棚測站DOC (●)及DOC/TOC (□)分佈圖------------------63圖3.40 ORI-688航次海盆測站DOC (●)及DOC/TOC (□) 分佈圖-----------------63圖3.41、ORI-688航次透光層DOC與Chl. a相關圖--------------------------------64圖3.42 ORI-688航次透光層DOC垂直剖面圖----------------------------------------65圖3.43 ORI-688航次透光層DON垂直剖面圖----------------------------------------67圖3.44 ORI-688航次透光層DOP垂直剖面圖-----------------------------------------68圖3.45 ORI-688航次各測站DOC/DON、DOM/DOP、DOC/DOP比值分佈圖-70圖3.46 ORI-688航次陸棚測站POC (●)與PN (□)垂直分佈圖----------------------71圖3.47 ORI-688航次海盆測站 POC (●)與PON (□)垂直分佈圖--------------------71圖3.48 ORI-688航次透光層與透光層以下POC與PN之間關係圖----------------74圖4.1 ORI-662航次DOC、DON及DOP對密度分佈圖------------------------------77圖4.2 ORI-688航次DOC、DON及DOP對密度分佈圖-----------------------------77圖4.3 ORI-662航次DOC、DON及DOP對AOU分佈圖---------------------------78圖4.4 ORI-688航次DOC、DON及DOP對AOU分佈圖---------------------------78圖4.5 ORI-662 POC與Chl. a分佈的關係圖---------------------------------------------82圖4.6 ORI-688 POC與Chl. a分佈的關係圖---------------------------------------------82圖4.7 秋季與夏季各測站POC與Chl.a透光層積分圖--------------------------------83圖4.8、夏季及秋季南海北部DOC/POC對Chl. a分佈圖----------------------------85圖4.9、南海北部夏季與秋季 POC/Chl. a與Chl. a分佈圖--------------------------85圖4.10 有機碳循環示意圖------------------------------------------------------------------93














表目錄
表2.1、各航次採樣位置及日期----------------------------------------------------------8
表3.1、ORI-662&688航次混合層深度------------------------------------------------23
表3.2 南海北部溶解態與顆粒態組成元素比值-------------------------------------53
表4.1、南海北部各測站DOC對表觀耗氧量之貢獻度-------------------------80
表4.2、南海北部DOC對表觀耗氧量之貢獻度-----------------------------------80
表4.3 a 、南海北部夏秋兩季平均各站透光層中POC積分值（IPOC）、新生產力積分值（INP）、輸出POC通量 及滯留時間-----------------------------------------87
表4.3 b、東海各水團透光層中POC積分值（IPOC）、新生產力積分值（INP）及滯留時間----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------87
表4.4、 比較秋季通過100m實測有機碳向下輸出通量與營養鹽向上輸入所造成之有機碳輸出通量----------------------------------------------------------------------------94
表4.5、比較夏季通過100m實測有機碳向下輸出通量與營養鹽向上輸入所造成之有機碳輸出通量----------------------------------------------------------------------------95
表 4.6比較秋季通過150m實測有機碳向下輸出通量與營養鹽向上輸入所造成之有機碳輸出通量-------------------------------------------------------------------------------96
表4.7、-比較夏季通過150m實測有機碳向下輸出通量與營養鹽向上輸入所造成之有機碳輸出通量----------------------------------------------------------------------------97

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