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博碩士論文 etd-0811111-144434 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0811111-144434
論文名稱
Title
以化學洗滌法去除瀝青混凝土拌合作業排氣異味
Chemical Scrubbing of Odorous Fumes Emitted from Hot-Melted Asphalt Plants
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
196
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2011-06-14
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2011-08-11
關鍵字
Keywords
化學氧化洗滌、臭味、瀝青拌合業、揮發性有機物、次氯酸鈉
odor removal, sodium hypochlorite, hot-melted asphalt odors, chemical scrubbing, VOCs
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5665 次,被下載 1973
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5665 times, has been downloaded 1973 times.
中文摘要
瀝青拌合廠使用石料、再生瀝青及原料瀝青在高溫(170oC)拌合,製程除排放粒狀污染物外,亦含大量揮發性有機物(VOCs)。這些VOC多具異味,影響廠區附近居民生活品質致引發異味陳情。
本研究以「次氯酸鈉-過氧化氫」二段洗滌法去除拌合排氣異味。次氯酸鈉洗滌液可將VOC氧化,過氧化氫則將次氯酸鈉洗滌液曝出之氯味還原去除。試驗廢氣由原料瀝青或再生瀝青混凝土加熱產生,研究利用氣相層析儀(GC-FID、GC-MS)分析廢氣經處理前後VOC成分及濃度,最後以三點比較式嗅袋法判定異味濃度去除效果。
結果顯示,廢氣最佳處理條件為洗滌液有效氯濃度50-60 mg/L、pH=7-7.5,排氣再以35 mg/L過氧化氫、pH>12之水溶液吸收,排出廢氣VOC濃度去除率達90%以上,排氣氯氣可控制於0.2 ppm以下。以三點比較式嗅袋法評估,處理前異味濃度為3,090,處理後降至73,去除率約98%,異味由刺鼻柏油味轉變為淡瓦斯味。
本研究亦調查一每日(7.5小時)最大生產量450公噸熱拌合瀝青廠,熱拌合排氣量約500 Nm3/min,管道排氣VOC濃度高達240 ppm (as methane);另回收瀝青混凝土卸料口VOC濃度為65 ppm(as methane)。廢氣成分為烷、烯烴、芳香烴、滷烷、含氧烴等,含氧烴以丙烯醛、丙酮為主。經濟評估顯示,進一步去除該500 Nm3/min排氣異味,約略操作費用為化學洗滌法2,800 NT$/day、傳統高溫熱焚化法25,000 NT$/day,蓄熱式焚化法14,300 NT$/day,化學洗滌法遠較焚化法經濟。
Abstract
Hot-melted asphalt (HMA) plants use sized gravels, asphalt and/or recycled asphalt as raw materials. In the plant, the materials are heated to certain preset temperatures and blended at fixed ratios at around 170oC to prepare the required HMA for road paving. In the asphalt-melting, hot-blending and dumping operations, fumes and particulates emit from the process equipments. The emitted gases contain various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are harmful to the health of the plant workers and nearby residents. Complaints from the residents also come with the fume and odorous emissions.
In this study, an oxidation-reduction-in-series scrubbing process was tested to remove odorous compounds in waste gases emitted from HMA plants. Waste gas samples for test were collected from the vent hole of an oven which contains a heated sample of asphalt or recycled asphalt concrete. Sodium hypochlorite solution was used to scrub and oxidize the compounds and hydrogen peroxide to reduce the chlorine emitted from the oxidative scrubber. A gas chromatography with a mass spectrophotometric detector (GC-MSD) was used for the identification of the odorous species and their concentrations in the waste gases. Sensory tests were also used to determine the odor removal efficiency.
GC-MSD examination results indicates that alkanes, arenes, alkenes, halides, esters, and carbonyl compounds were detected in the test gas. Scrubbing test results indicate that with oxidative solution of 50-60 mg/L residual chlorine at pH 7.0-7.5 and reductive solution of 35 mg/L hydrogen peroxide at pH >12, over 90% of the VOCs in the tested gas could be removed. Odor intensities could be reduced from 3,090 (expressed as dilutions to threshold) to 73. Pungent asphalt odor in the test gas was turned into slight sulfur smell after the scrubbing.
For removing the odors from 500 Nm3/min of the flue gas vented from a HMA plant, an analysis indicates the required total cost for chemicals (sodium hypochlorite solution, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide) added to the scrubbers was around 2,800 NT$/day (US$ 95/day) for a daily operation time of 10 hours. The cost is far lower than that by the traditional thermal incineration one (25,000 NT$/day or US$ 850/day) or by the regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO) one (14,300 NT$/day or US$ 485/day). This study has successfully developed an economical and effective chemical scrubbing technology for the removal of odorous compounds in gases emitted from HMA plants.
目次 Table of Contents
謝誌 I
中文摘要 II
英文摘要 III
目錄 V
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 前言
1.1 研究背景及動機 1
1.2 研究目的與內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧
2.1 異味定義及臭味物質來源 3
2.2 揮發性有機物之定義、來源及危害 10
2.3 異味控制及VOCs處理技術 13
2.4 異味表示方式 13
2.5 異味之量測方法 24
2.6 瀝青拌合廠產業概況 28
2.7 瀝青材料介紹 28
2.8 瀝青混凝土 33
2.9 再生瀝青混凝土 34
2.10熱瀝青拌合廠介紹 35
2.11污染特性說明 43
2.12異味成分及排放係數 43
2.13相關法規介紹 44
2.14臭味VOC之化學洗滌處理 49
2.15化學洗滌法相關文獻 62
第三章 實驗材料、設備、方法
3.1實驗材料及藥品 65
3.2實驗設備及分析儀器 67
3.3研究架構 69
3.4研究方法 70
第四章 結果與討論
4.1瀝青混凝土及瀝青廢氣產生情況 80
4.2瀝青及瀝青混凝土廢氣之空白水洗實驗 81
4.3以次氯酸鈉串聯過氧化氫化學氧化洗滌之實驗 83
4.4實廠廠區排放逸散調查 115
4.5設備規劃 124
4.6經濟評估 125
第五章 結論與建議
5.1 結論 130
5.2 建議 132
參考文獻 133
附錄 139
參考文獻 References
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