本論文建立分散式能源電力轉換器的測試平台，測試平台主要構成設備為直流電源供應器、電網模擬器、交流負載、示波器以及電力品質分析儀。平台能力可模擬小型太陽光伏發電及風力發電的系統併網。在對電力轉換器的測試項目包含電壓異常反應狀態測試、頻率異常反應測試、諧波測試以及低電壓承受能力的測試方法。本論文呈現的低電壓承受能力測試方法，則利用電網模擬器模擬短路事故的電壓降及故障持續時間，來對電力轉換器測試，並介紹能達到最大效益的減化測試方法。本研究並將測試結果描繪成曲線以彰顯電力轉換器電壓特性，並與現有的低電壓承受能力規範做比較，評定電力轉換器是否符合電網規範需求。最後試圖將IEEE Std.1547目前電壓標準與各國電網規範的低電壓承受能力做探討。

A distributed energy resources (DER) converter test platform, including DC power supply, power network simulator, AC loads, oscilloscope and power quality monitoring system, is presented in this thesis The platform can be used to simulate the network integration of small photovoltaic and wind power generator. The platform is used to test the power converter behaviors under abnormal conditions including over and under voltage and frequency, harmonics variations, and the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability. Power network simulator is used to create low voltage events with different voltage sag and duration. An efficient test procedure is proposed to test LVRT capability of power converter. LVRT curves obtained from four different converters are plotted and compared with standard curves to verify whether they are in compliance with grid codes.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 分散式能源發展現況 3
1.2.1太陽光伏發電概況 4
1.2.2風力發電概況 6
1.3 分散式能源系統對低電壓承受能力之相關研究 9
1.4 研究目標 10
1.5 論文架構 10
第二章 分散式能源併網規範 12
2.1 集中式與分散式能源 12
2.1.1傳統電網 16
2.1.2再生能源 17
2.2 再生能源併網整合 23
2.2.1併網電壓等級 25
2.2.2再生能源系統整合 26
2.2.3分散式能源在高普及率時的技術考量 27
2.2.4電力系統擾動與電壓降型態 29
2.3 各國電網法規對低電壓承受能力之準則 32
第三章 分散式能源系統之異常電壓承受能力測試方法 36
3.1 IEEE Std.1547測試介紹 36
3.1.1測試種類、目的及標準 36
3.1.2測試儀器、待測設備物介紹 41
3.1.3 IEEE Std.1547.1異常電壓模擬流程 43
3.2 電壓定義及低電壓承受能力規範標準 46
3.2.1 IEEE Std.1159-2009 46
3.2.2 IEEE Std.1547分散式電源電壓規範 47
3.2.3各國併網法規整理 50
3.3 本研究之低電壓承受測試方法 51
3.3.1低電壓承受能力的測試方法 51
3.4 測試方法之評估 75
3.4.1平均均方誤差、平均絕對誤差百分比介紹及標準 76
第四章 測試結果與討論 80
4.1 分散式能源併網異常電壓大小測試結果 80
4.1.1待測設備物A測試結果 83
4.1.2待測設備物B測試結果 87
4.1.3待測設備物C測試結果 92
4.1.4待測設備物D測試結果 96
4.2 分散式能源併網異常頻率與諧波測試結果 102
4.2.1待測設備物A測試結果 104
4.2.2待測設備物B測試結果 107
4.2.3待測設備物C測試結果 110
4.2.4待測設備物D測試結果 112
4.3 測試結果與法規之分析比較 115
4.4 討論 116
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 118
5.1 結論 118
5.2 未來研究方向 119
參考文獻 120
附錄 127
IEEE分散式能源與電網併聯設備之標準測試程序 127

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