本文是首次在台灣周邊海域針對浮游磷蝦類進行大範圍之調查研究，分析的樣品是由水試一號於2004年2月至2005年10月期間8個航次於台灣周邊海域62個測站進行調查所採得。研究結果共發現磷蝦1科6屬36種，前十大優勢種分別為寬額假磷蝦(Pseudeuphausia lalifrons)、磷蝦科磷蝦(Euphausiidae spp.)、柱螯磷蝦屬磷蝦(Stylocheiron sp.)、三晶柱螯磷蝦(Stylocheiron suhmii)、隆柱螯磷蝦(Stylocheiron carinatum )、太平洋磷蝦(Euphausia pacifica)、近緣柱螯磷蝦(Stylocheiron affine)、二晶柱螯磷蝦(Stylocheiron microphthalma)、柔弱磷蝦(Euphausia tenera)、三刺燧磷蝦(Thysanopoda tricuspidata)，合計佔磷蝦總豐度78%。研究期間磷蝦類豐度呈現明顯的季節變化，以夏季最高、秋季次之、冬季最低，台灣西部及北部海域中國沿岸流流經區域，磷蝦豐度通常較高但種類數及種歧異度較低；台灣東部黑潮流經海域磷蝦豐度普遍較低但種類數及種歧異度較高。由群聚分析結果顯示，台灣周邊海域磷蝦群聚組成主要可分為台灣西部及東部2個測站群，此分群結果也與海域水文環境狀況相吻合，因此推論台灣周邊海域水團特性與磷蝦分布有所關聯。由MDS分析結果顯示春、夏二季及秋、冬二季間之磷蝦種類組成有差異。從相關性分析結果發現磷蝦總豐度與溫度及葉綠素a呈現正相關，種類數及種歧異度與鹽度呈現正相關。本研究驗證了磷蝦豐度分布與季風推動水文環境季節消長及食物來源有密切關聯。

This is the first time to conduct the planktonic euphausiids survey with large scale in the waters around Taiwan. Samples were taken from 8 cruises at 62 stations between February 2004 and October 2005 by Fishery Researcher I. A total of 36 taxa of euphausiids belonging to 6 genera and 1 family were identified. The 10 predominant specis were Pseudeuphausia lalifrons, Euphausiidae spp., Stylocheiron sp., Stylocheiron suhmii, Stylocheiron carinatum, Euphausia pacifica, Stylocheiron affine, Stylocheiron microphthalma, Euphausia tenera, and Thysanopoda tricuspidata, together comprising 78% of the total euphausiid catch. Abundance and species diversity of euphausiid showed clear seasonal change, higher in summer and lower in winter. Cluster analysis revealed two major station groups, western and eastern waters of Taiwan, in most seasons, and well linked with the hydrographic conditions. Higher abundance and lower species diversity generally were observed in waters northwest of Taiwan where the China Coastal Current prevails, and a reverse condition was found in the waters east of Taiwan where the Kuroshio Current dominates. Euphausiid assemblage also showed clear seasonal variations, spring/summer groups are different from autumn/winter group. The distribution patterns in abundance of euphausiids were positively correlated with temperature and chlorophyll a concentration, and the species diversity was closely linked with salinity. These results demonstrated that the succession of water mass induced by monsoons and food sources apparently affects the distribution patterns of euphausiids in the study area.

目錄
論文審定書……………………………………………………………………………… i
誌謝……………………………………………………………………………………… ii
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………… iii
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………… iv
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………… v
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………… vii
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………… viii
附錄……………………………………………………………………………………… xi
壹、前言………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1台灣及鄰近海域水文環境………………………………………………………… 1
1.2磷蝦類簡介………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.3磷蝦類相關文獻探討……………………………………………………………… 5
1.3.1台灣周邊及鄰近海域文獻回顧……………………………………………… 5
貳、材料與方法…………………………………………………………………………… 11
2.1資料收集…………………………………………………………………………… 11
2.1.1採樣時間、地點及範圍……………………………………………………… 11
2.1.2 水文資料蒐集………………………………………………………………… 11
2.1.3浮游動物樣本採樣…………………………………………………………… 12
2.2 資料分析…………………………………………………………………………… 12
2.2.1水文資料分析………………………………………………………………… 12
2.2.2浮游動物樣本中磷蝦鑑定及分析…………………………………………… 12
2.2.3統計分析……………………………………………………………………… 13
參、結果…………………………………………………………………………………… 16
3.1 台灣周邊海域水文環境變化……………………………………………………… 16
3.1.1水溫…………………………………………………………………………… 16
3.1.2鹽度…………………………………………………………………………… 16
3.1.3 葉綠素a 濃度……………………………………………………………… 17
3.2磷蝦類時空分佈及種類組成……………………………………………………… 17
3.3水文站群分群、特性、物種組成及水團指示值………………………………… 22
3.4磷蝦優勢種豐度分佈……………………………………………………………… 26
3.5磷蝦站群分析……………………………………………………………………… 28
3.6磷蝦種群分析……………………………………………………………………… 31
3.7磷蝦與水文環境因子的相關性…………………………………………………… 33
肆、討論……………………………………………………………………………………34
4.1水文環境因子探討………………………………………………………………… 34
4.2磷蝦群聚的時空變化……………………………………………………………… 35
4.3水團變動對優勢種磷蝦分佈的影響……………………………………………… 37
4.4先前研究比較…………………………………………………………………… 41
伍、結論………………………………………………………………………………… 43
陸、參考文獻 ………………………………………………………………………… 44

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