當個人主義與自由主義逐漸自西方歷史中形成，一個新的個人與群體之衝突形式亦隨之浮現；自此，人們開始認為，我們每一個人皆有追求自我實現的自由權利。然而，當此種想法成為一個「原子式個人主義」之信念時，便開始對我們群體的和諧與穩定產生了嚴重威脅。換言之，若我們每一個人所重視的，僅是每個人自身的自我實現，則我們如何能夠化解各種價值之間所潛藏的衝突？又如何能夠避免群體的裂解？
由此，本論文即是透過對柯靈屋的政治思想之闡述，以審視個人與群體之間的衝突是否確為不可避免的；而若此衝突必然會發生，則我們又該如何面對它以自處？為此，本論文將先於第一章中指出，個人價值與群體生活之間的衝突之所以會發生，與我們對自由概念的理解相關，以及我們為何可以從柯靈屋的思想中尋求可能的化解之道。於第二章，則以闡述柯靈屋思想的核心概念─心智之特性出發，進而指出他是如何藉此形成他的自由概念。隨後即基於第二章的闡述內容，於第三章中進一步對柯靈屋思想裡主要的三個群體概念─社群、社會與政治體進行闡述，並同時於此闡述過程中，對和此些概念相關的文明與野蠻兩概念一併加以討論。第四章，則首先對作為柯靈屋闡述理性與自由、政治與道德之關係的兩個基礎加以說明，進而基於前述所言的個人與群體之關係，透過將柯靈屋對理性與自由、政治與道德之關係的看法加以闡明，以從中尋求化解個人價值與群體衝突的可能辦法。第五章則是基於前面各章節的內容，以指出我們由對柯靈屋思想進行闡述的過程中，所獲得的啟示為何。

When individualism and liberalism rose from the western history, a new form of the conflict between individual and community had emerged. From this time, people start thinking that because we have the liberal right which belongs to every person, everyone can pursue his own self-fulfillment. However, when this kind of view becomes an “atomistic individualism” conviction, it seriously threatens the peace and stability of our community. If the most important thing everyone cares about is his self-fulfillment, how can we reconcile the conflict between various values? How can we avoid the disruption of our community?
The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the conflict between individual and community is inevitable, and if it is inevitable how we can find a way to face up to this distress by exploring R. G. Collingwood’s political thought. For this purpose, in chapter one, I will more clearly expound my concern which will be explored in this thesis, and why we can answer the above two questions by exploring Collingwood’s political thought. After this, I will start to explore Collingwood’s view of the concept of freedom in chapter two, and we will find out that, for Collingwood, anyone’s freedom can only be realized by interacting with others. Then I will further elaborate Collingwood’s view about the relation of individual and community in chapter three. Following the proceeding two chapters, in chapter four, I will firstly point out that in Collingwood’s view what is the meaning of freedom for us, and then show how he can provide us a way to face up the inevitable conflict between individual and community. Finally, I will conclude what Collingwood can inspire us who live in the twenty-first century today.

第一章 導論 1
第一節 個人價值與群體生活的衝突 2
第二節 英、義觀念論與柯靈屋 4
第三節 本論文的架構 7
第二章 作為心智的人 11
第一節 心智的特性 13
第二節 想像的功用 20
第三節 個人心智的歷程 26
第三章 個人與群體 37
第一節 社群與社會 40
第二節 文明與野蠻 47
第三節 政治體 54
第四章 自由與責任 63
第一節 哲學概念的特性 63
第二節 理性與自由 71
一、 效用與「對」 72
二、 責任與歷史的意識 79
第三節 政治與道德的融通 90
第五章 結論 101
參考書目 105

一、中文部分
史偉民
2007 〈做為思想史的歷史─柯靈屋命題的意義及侷限〉，《臺大文史哲學報》，第六十七期，頁167-194。
江宜樺
2001 《自由民主的理路》，台北：聯經。
余英時
1979 《歷史與思想》，台北：聯經。
何兆武
1995 《歷史與歷史學》，香港：牛津大學出版社。
林正珍
1983 〈柯靈烏史學的中心觀念〉，《史學研究》，第三期，頁25-60。
盛少輝
2001 〈歷史主義之現代性：一個「史學史」的考察〉，輔仁大學歷史學研究所碩士論文。
陳思賢
2006 《西洋政治思想史：現代英國篇》，台北：五南。
湯炳文
2000 〈柯靈屋重演理論之研究〉，中正大學歷史研究所碩士論文。
曾國祥
2003 〈論沈岱爾之行動性理論：一個哲學保守主義的重塑〉，《政治與社會哲學評論》，第六期，頁65-114。
Aristotle
2001 《政治學》，顏一、秦典華譯，台北：知書房。
Collingwood, R. G.
1990 《自然的觀念》，吳國盛、柯映紅譯，北京：華夏。

二、英文部分
Arblaster, A.
1987 The Rise and Decline of Western Liberalism. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Astrov, A.
2005 On World Politics: R. G. Collingwood, Michael Oakeshott, and Neo-Traditionalism in International Relations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Berlin, I.
1979 Four Essays on Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1981 Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas. Oxford: Oxford University Press..
1991 The Crooked Timber of Humanity. New York: Princeton University Press.
2000 Three Critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder. New York: Princeton University Press.
Boucher, David
1989 The Social and Political Thought of R. G. Collingwood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1995 “The Place of Education in Civilization,” in Boucher, David; Connelly,James and Modood, Tariq eds. Philosophy, History and Civilization: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on R. G. Collingwood. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 269-299.
1997 The British Idealists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Browning, Gary K.
2004 Rethinking R. G. Collingwood: Philosophy, Politics, and the Unity of Theory and Practice. New York: Palgrave Macmillian.
Collingwood, R. G.
1924 Speculum Mentis. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1955 The Principles of Art. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1961 The Idea of History. New York: Oxford University Press.
1976 Essays in the Philosophy of History. W. Debbins ed. Austin: University of Texas Press.
1977 An Essay on Philosophical Method. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1989a An Autobiography. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1989b Essays in Political Philosophy. D. Boucher ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1992a The New Leviathan. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1992b “Good, Rightness, Utility,” in D. Boucher ed., The New Leviathan. pp. 391-479.
1992c “What ‘Civilization’ Means,” in D. Boucher ed., The New Leviathan. pp. 480-511.
2001 The Principles of History: and Other Writings in Philosophy of History. W. H. Dray & W. J. van der Dussen eds., Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2005 “Man Goes Mad,” in D. Boucher & W. James eds., The Philosophy of Enchantment: Studies in Folktale, Cultural Criticism, and Anthropology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Connelly, James
1995 “Art Thou the Man: Croce, Gentile or de Ruggiero?” in Boucher, David; Connelly, James and Modood, Tariq eds. Philosophy, History and Civilization: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on R. G. Collingwood. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 92-114.
2003 Metaphysics, Method and Politics: The Political Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood. Exeter: Imprint Academic.
Donagan, Alan
1962 The Later Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
D’Oro, G.
2002 Collingwood and the metaphysics of experience. London and New York: Routledge.
Dray, William H.
1999 History as Re-enactment: R. G. Collingwood’s Idea of History. New York: Oxford University Press.
Eisenstein, Maurice M.
1999 Phenomenology of Civilization: Reason as a Regulative Principles in Collingwood and Husserl. Lanham, Md: University Press of America.
Goldstein, L. J.
1976 Historical Knowing. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Haddock, B. A.
1995 “Vico, Collingwood and the Character of a Historical Philosophy,” in Boucher, David; Connelly, James and Modood, Tariq eds. Philosophy, History and Civilization: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on R. G. Collingwood. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 130-151.
Harris, E. E.
1957 “Collingwood’s Theory of History,” The Philosophy Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 26, pp. 35-49.
Harris, H. S.
1995 “Croce and Gentile in Collingwood’s New Leviathan,” in Boucher, David; Connelly, James and Modood, Tariq eds. Philosophy, History and Civilization: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on R. G. Collingwood. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 115-129.
Helgeby, Stein
2004 Action as History: The Historical Thought of R. G. Collinwood. Exeter: Imprint Academic.
Hinz, Michael
1994 Self-Creation and History: Collingwood and Nietzsche on Conceptual Change. M.D. Dissertation, University Press of America, Lanham.
Hogan, J. P.
1979 The Contribution of R. G. Collingwood to the Development of Hermeneutics. PH.D. Dissertation, the Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.
Hughes-Warrington, M. T. E.
1996 “‘How Good an Historian Shall I Be?’: R. G. Collingwood on Education,” Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 22, No.2, pp. 217-235.
Kissell, Michael A.
1990 “Progressive Traditionalism as the Spirit of Collingwood’s Philosophy,” History and Theory, Vol. 29, No.4, pp. 51-56.
Mann, D. I.
1998 Structural Idealism: R. G. Collingwood, Anthony Giddens. M.D. Dissertation, University of Waterloo, Canada.
Milne, A. J. M.
1972 “Collingwood’s Ethics and Political Theory,” in Krausz, Michael ed. Critical Essays on the Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood. Oxford:
Clarendon Press. pp. 296-326.
1995 “Civilization and the Open Society: Collingwood and Popper,” in Boucher, David; Connelly, James and Modood, Tariq eds. Philosophy,
History and Civilization: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on R. G. Collingwood. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 300-329.
Mink, Louis O.
1969 Mind, History, and Dialectic: The Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Nielsen, M. H.
1981 “Re-enactment and Reconstruction in Collingwood’s Philosophy of History,” History and Theory, Vol. 20, No.1, pp. 1-31.
O’Sullivan, N. K.
1972 “Irrationalism in Politics: A Critique of R. G. Collinwood’s New Leviathan,” Political Theory, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 141-151.
Ridley, A.
1997 R. G. Collingwood: A Philosophy of Art. London : Phoenix.
Rubinoff, Lionel
1970 Collingwood and the Reform of Metaphysics: a Study in the Philosophy of Mind. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Saari, H.
1984 Re-enactment : A Study in R.G. Collingwood’s Philosophy of History. Abo: Abo akademi.
Stanage, Sherman M.
1972 “Collingwood’s Phenomenology of Education: Person and the Self-recognition of the Mind,” in Krausz, Michael ed. Critical Essays on the Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 268-295.
Taylor, C.
1985 Philosophy and the Human Sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Van der Dussen, W. J.
1981 History as a Science: The Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Walsh, W. H.
1947 “R. G. Collingwood’s Philosophy of History,” Philosophy, Vol. 22, No. 82, pp. 153-160.