謝爾蓋•瓦西里耶維奇•拉赫曼尼諾夫（Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff, 1873-1943）為二十世紀初俄羅斯音樂文化的代表人物之一。拉赫曼尼諾夫不僅為作曲家，創作兩百三十七首器樂曲、管弦樂曲以及聲樂曲，他亦為一位傑出的演奏家，在俄羅斯、美國、瑞士等地巡迴演出並深獲好評；在俄羅斯時期，拉赫曼尼諾夫亦擔任指揮家，指揮許多歌劇以及管弦樂曲。
本文主要探討拉赫曼尼諾夫之鋼琴獨奏作品《音畫練習曲，作品三十九》的創作背景、寫作手法以及曲中所描寫之意象。此曲為拉赫曼尼諾夫在一九一六至一九一七年所創作的作品，他延伸了浪漫樂派作曲家為練習曲所開創的道路，此曲不僅呈現純粹的技巧練習，更結合了富有畫面的音樂表情，使藝術價值提高。

Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff (1873-1943) is one of the greatest representatives of Russian classical music in the early twentieth century. In addition to being a successful composer, Rachmaninoff was also a great concert pianist and a conductor. He had written 237 musical compositions, including piano, instrumental, orchestral, and vocal music. As an outstanding pianist, he had well-received tours in Russia, America, and Switzerland. He conducted many operas and orchestral works in Russia.
This paper will discuss the compositional background and the compositional techniques in Rachmaninoff’s〈Etudes-Tableaux, Op.39.〉, with a special focus on the images that inspired Rachmaninoff to compose these etudes. 〈Etudes-Tableaux, Op.39.〉was composed between 1916 and 1917; these etudes enriched the genre of piano etudes initiated by the previous romantic composers. This composition contains abundant expressive images rather than merely monotonous piano techniques which increase the artistic value of this composition.

前言 1
作曲家生平及創作背景探討 3
《音畫練習曲，作品三十九》創作背景 10
意象之描寫 12
一、 描寫海浪的意象 15
二、 沉重、悲傷的心情意象 21
三、 描寫死亡的意象 26
四、 描述市場人來人往、擁擠吵雜的喧鬧意象
30
五、 鐘聲的意象描述 33
六、 描繪大野狼與小紅帽互相追逐 36
七、 描繪東方色彩 39
結語 41
參考文獻 43

西文
Abraham, Gerald. Essays on Russian and East European Music. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.
Bardy, Patricia. Rachmaninoff’s Etudes-Tableaux. D.M. diss., Indiana University, 1986.
Fritz, Thomas Lee. The Development of Russian Piano Music : As Seen in the Literature of Mussorgsky, Rachmaninov, Scriabin and Prokofiev. Los Angeles, Calif. : University Southern California, 1959.
Gieseking, Walter, and Karl Leimer. Piano Technique. New York: Dover Publications, INC., 1972
Gillespie, John. Five Centuries of Keyboard Music. New York: Dover Publications, 1972.
Harrison, Max. Rachmaninoff : Life, Works, Recordings. London ; New York : Continuum, c2005.
Haylock, Julian. Classic Lifelines: Sergeyi Rachmaninoff. London: Pavilion Book Ltd. 1996.
Lenord, Richard Anthony. A History of Russian Music. London: Jarrolds Publishers Limited, 1956.
Martyn, Barrie. Rachmaninoff : Composer, Pianist, Conductor. Aldershot, Hants, England : Scolar Press ; Brookfield, Vt., USA : Gower Pub. Co., c1990.
Oxford Music Online, S.v. “Sergei Rachmaninoff” by Geoffrey Norris. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/ (Jan. 19, 2010)
Sadie, Stanley, ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 29vols. 2md ed. London: Macmillan Publishers, 2001. S.v. “Rachmaninov, Sergey(Vasil’yevich)” by Geoffrey Norris.
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-----. S.v. “Russian and Slavonic Church Music” by Milos Velimirovic.
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Sokasits, Jonathan F. The Keyboard Style of Sergei Rachmaninoff as Seen Through His Transcriptions for Piano Solo. Madison, Wis. : The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1993.
Walker, Robert. The Illustrated Lives of the Great Composer: Rachmaninoff. London : Omnibus Press, 1984.

中文

Miranda, Bruce. Philip, Wilksinson。《符號與象徵：圖解世界的祕密》，李時芬、林淑媚譯。台北市：時報出版，2009：58。

Norris, Geoffrey。〈拉赫曼尼諾夫年輕時代的作風〉。《音樂文摘10》，陳素櫻譯。台北市：全音出版，1986年：92。
尹子。《拉赫曼尼諾夫》。台北：世界文物，2001年。
張浩。〈拉赫曼尼諾夫鋼琴音樂風格探究〉，《戲文》6。台北：時報出版，2005年：73。

樂譜
Rachmaninoff, Sergei. Etudes-Tableaux(op.33 Nos.1-8 and Op.39 Nos. 1-9). Introduction and Performance Notes by Peter Donohoe. London: Boosey and Hawkes Music Publishers, Ltd., 1985, Corrected Printing 1995.