龜山島位於台灣東北部，沖繩海槽的西南端，擁有活躍的淺海熱泉活動，以
及鮮見的由硫磺堆積而成之噴口，形似煙囪。本研究主要分析龜山島附近海域
OR2-1666 S2 和OR2-1666 B 兩站位沉積物岩心標本和龜山島海底熱泉口（白泉和
黃泉口）與其周圍岩石之礦物組成，以及黏土礦物的組成與特性。藉由礦物成份
或礦物組成來探討本區沉積物之來源，以及沉積物和龜山島的海底熱泉和過去的
火山噴發之間的關係。礦物相的判別係利用偏光顯微鏡、掃描式電子顯微鏡（SEM）
和能量分散光譜儀（EDS）作分析，且以粉末法X 光繞射分析作為鑑定黏土礦物
種類以及黏土礦物含量半定量分析的方法。黏土礦物的半定量分析是採用Biscaye
（1965）的方法，以~17 Å 、10 Å 、7 Å 繞射峰積分強度經過權重計算後，作為膨
潤石、伊萊石、綠泥石與高嶺石的比例，而高嶺石與綠泥石間的相對比例則以3.57
Å 和3.53 Å 二繞射峰的積分強度做為計算的依據。分析結果顯示OR2-1666 航次
在靠近龜山島的龜首的S2 站位和龜尾的B 站位岩心小於25 m樣品中黏土礦物
的部分以伊萊石含量最多，其次為綠泥石，高嶺石再次之，而膨潤石幾乎沒有出
現；根據Esquevin-Index（EI）的結果顯示兩站位沉積物之伊萊石化學組成略有不
同，但皆為鋁質含量較高的伊萊石。從各種黏土礦物的組成比例，以及伊萊石的
結晶度和EI 指標，和前人所作的東部河流、長江以及東海陸棚的沉積物分析結果
作比較，顯示龜山島海域的海底沉積物和台灣東部河流輸出物質的相關程度較高，
其中又和蘭陽地區的相關性最為符合，此變化趨勢和前人對於沖繩海槽南端黏土
礦物之分布與運輸模式相符，因此龜山島海域粉砂粒徑以下之沉積物主要來自於
蘭陽地區；但粒徑大於125 m的沉積物中具有相當多的安山岩碎屑，可能是來自
龜山島安山岩的貢獻。黃泉口樣品是由大量塊狀硫磺所組成，由熱液流體所沉澱，
受熱液作用明顯。黃泉口周圍的岩石和白泉口以及其周圍的岩石礦物組成相似，
皆屬於二輝安山岩，差別在於黃泉口北側岩石（距黃泉口約十五米）中的斑晶有
iv
受到黏土礦物取代的現象，其黏土礦物以綠泥石和伊萊石為主。白泉口以及其周
圍岩石的礦物組成相似，斑晶為中長石～拉長石、透長石、頑火輝石、普通輝石
與普通角閃石，基質包含斜長石、輝石、石英，以及少量硫酸鹽與次生黏土礦物。
白泉口岩石樣品中部分斑晶周圍與裂隙中有發現黃鐵礦，但與黃泉口北側岩石相
比受熱液蝕變的程度較輕微。

Kueishantao Island is located in Ilan bay, Northeast Taiwan, the southwestern end of the Okinawa Trough, which has marine shallow-water hydrothermal activities and uncommon chimney-like hydrothermal plume formed by the precipitation of Sulfur.In this thesiswe analyzedOR2-1666 B and OR21666 S2 two marine sediment cores, rocks at or surrounding the marine hydrothermal plume (yellow and white smokers), and clay mineral near Kueishantao Island. In order to understand the influences caused by hydrothermal activity, the present study has used petrographic and scanning electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis to study mineral assemblages and mineral compositions in the marine sediment cores and rocks nearby the hydrothermal plumes. The composition and distribution of clay minerals in sediments are analyzed by X-ray Powder Diffraction method (XRD).
Rocks around white smoker are two-pyroxene andesite, the mineral assemblage is dominated by plagioclase (andesine, labradorite), augite, enstatite, small amount of pyrite and sanidine. The matrix is composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, quartz, some sulfate and clay minerals. Yellow smoker was formed by massive sulfide which precipitated from hydrothermal fluid. Rocks around yellow smoker contain more pyrite, illite and chlorite than rocks around white smoker, consider as hydrothermal alteration caused by hydrothermal fluid.Clay minerals quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results shows that illite was the most abundant, followed by chlorite and kaolinite and nearly no smectite in both B and S2 core.
Compare the composition of clay minerals, Esquevin-Index (EI) and illite crystallinity data from Kueishantao Island sediment cores with sediments from rivers of eastern Taiwan, Yangtze River and the East China Sea continental shelf. The result shows that Kueishantao Island marine sediments are similar to sediments from rivers of eastern Taiwan, especially the Ilan River. Thus the Ilan River is the major source to the silt grain size sediments (<25 μm), and andesite debris in the fine sand grain size sediments (>125 μm) was provided by the Kueishantao Island.

目錄

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii
礦物符號縮寫表 xiii

第一章 序論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 前人研究 2
1-2-1 沖繩海槽沉積物的來源 2
1-2-2 沉積物中黏土礦物的意義 3
1-2-3 龜山島周圍海域的熱液活動 4
1-3 研究目的 5
第二章 地質背景 6
2-1 板塊活動 6
2-2 龜山島熱泉研究之緣起 6
2-3 龜山島的地質景觀與前人研究 10
2-4 採樣地點 10
第三章 研究方法 12
3-1 實驗流程 12
3-2 實驗方法 13
第四章 結果 22
4-1 標本觀察 22
4-1-1 岩心沉積物小於25 μm顆粒外觀描述 22
4-1-2 岩心沉積物大於125 μm顆粒外觀描述 22
4-1-3 泉口岩石外觀描述 24
4-2 XRD礦物鑑定 27
4-2-1 岩心沉積物小於25 μm樣品全岩部分 27
4-2-2 岩心沉積物小於25 μm樣品中黏粒部分 29
4-2-3 泉口岩石全岩 31
4-3 SEM/EDS礦物成份分析 34
4-3-1 泉口岩石光薄片、岩心沉積物大於125 μm光片 34
第五章 討論 43
5-1 岩心沉積物不同粒徑間礦物組成的差異 43
5-2 岩心沉積物中黏土礦物種類與變化的意義 45
5-3 泉口岩石樣品礦物組成, 以及與沉積物岩心的差異 50
5-4 沉積物岩心與泉口岩石是否有熱液作用的痕跡 51
5-5 龜山島在沉積物搬運中的影響 52
第六章 結論 54
參考文獻 55
附錄一 OR2-1666 B 岩心沉積物粉砂樣品全岩之XRD圖譜 62
附錄二 OR2-1666 S2 岩心沉積物粉砂樣品全岩之XRD圖譜 63
附錄三 OR2-1666 B 岩心沉積物粉砂樣品中所含之黏粒XRD圖譜 64
附錄四 OR2-1666 S2 岩心沉積物粉砂樣品中所含之黏粒XRD圖譜 68
附錄五 泉口與泉口周圍岩石之全岩XRD圖譜 72
附錄六 泉口岩石SEM-EDS成份分析 74

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