耐輻射奇異球菌是一株革蘭氏陽性、具有高度耐輻射能力之四聯球菌。當耐輻射奇異球菌生長至靜止期時，在培養液內添加2.5 µM的二價錳離子則會誘發細胞再次生長的情形，稱之為錳促細胞生長 (Mn (Ⅱ)-induced Cell Division, Mn-CD)效應。本研究主要是分析在不同培養條件下添加二價錳離子之胞色素氧化酶活性 (oxidizing enzyme activity)以及胞色素組成成份 (cytochrome constituent)，以進一步瞭解此菌生產能量的途徑與效率。結果顯示將耐輻射奇異球菌培養在TY (每100毫升含0.5 g tryptone以及0.3 g yeast extract)、TGY (每100毫升含0.5 g tryptone、0.3 g yeast extract以及0.1 g D (+)-glucose)、TFY (每100毫升含0.5 g tryptone、0.3 g yeast extract以及0.1 g D-fructose)培養液內皆能夠生長，其中又以培養在TFY培養液內的生長情形最佳。Mn-CD效應的發生並不限定在特定時期的細胞，而是與其細胞的年齡有關。在四甲基對苯二胺 (N, N, N’, N’-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine，TMPD)氧化酶活性分析方面，可以發現到培養在TGY和TY 培養液的結果是比較相似的，皆為對數生長初期的比活性最高，靜止期的比活性最低。不過，培養在TFY培養液的結果卻與前兩組有所不同，為對數生長中期的比活性是最高的。三種培養液皆培養在不加錳的組別，在對數生長初期、對數生長中期以及靜止期的比活性皆差異不大。三種培養液皆培養在0小時加錳的組別，對數生長初期時以培養在TY培養液的比活性是最高的，靜止期時三種培養液比活性有最為明顯的下降。三種培養基皆培養在18小時加錳的組別，對數生長中期時以培養TFY培養液的比活性是最高的，靜止期時三種培養液比活性有最為明顯的下降。因此認為在加入錳離子後，一旦細胞進入靜止期後對於氧化酶會有顯著的影響。在胞色素成份分析方面，發現到本菌無論在TY、TGY或是TFY培養下，細胞均具有胞色素a1、a+a3、b、c、c+c1以及o。但各成份的含量則隨培養條件不同而有所差異。然而分析胞色素氧化酶的比活性與胞色素c之含量，發現兩者並無明顯的相關性，與預期結果有所不同，其原因有待更進一步的研究探討。

Deinococcus radiodurans is a highly radioresistant Gram-positive tetrad. Previously studies show that the addition of 2.5 μM of manganese (Ⅱ) into a stationary phase culture could trigger a new cycle of cell division (Mn-CD effect). In this study, we analyzed the cytochrome oxidase system in D. radiodurans under different culture conditions with the addition of manganese (Ⅱ) to further understand the pathway and efficiency of energy production. Results show that D. radiodurans grew well in all TY (per 100 ml containing 0.5 g tryptone and 0.3 g yeast extract), TGY (per 100 ml containing 0.5 g tryptone, 0.3 g yeast extract and 0.1 g D (+)-glucose), and TFY medium (per 100 ml containing 0.5 g tryptone, 0.3 g yeast extract and 0.1 g D-fructose). In which, the TFY medium provided the best nutrients for D. radiodurans to grow. The occurance of Mn-CD effect is related to the age of cells. The N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD), oxidase activities were found to be similiar in both TY and TGY grown cells. Both cells had the highest specific activity in the early log phase and the lowest specific activity in the stationary phase. However, the TFY medium grown cells were different, which performed the highest specific activity in the mid log phase. The specific activities of the Mn (Ⅱ)-free cells in all three media were found to be similiar, no matter in the early log phase, the mid log phase, and the stationary phase. For the cells with the addition of Mn (Ⅱ) from the beginning of cultivation, TY medium cells shew the highest specific activity in the early log phase, but decreased significantly in the stationary phase. For the cells with the addition of Mn (Ⅱ) to the eighteenth hour cultures, the TFY medium cells shew the highest specific activity in the mid log phase, but decreased significantly in the stationary phase. Therefore, the addition of Mn (Ⅱ) had a drastically effect to the TMPD specific activity during stationary phase. All D. radiodurans cells possessed cytochrome a1, a+a3, b, c, c+c1, and o, no matter cultured in the TY, TGY, or TFY medium. However, the content of each component, were various with different culture conditions. Results also show that the TMPD oxidase activity was not related to the amount of cytochrome c, which was different from previous literatures and need further study.

論文審定書 .i
致謝 ii
中 文 摘 要 iii
英 文 摘 要 iv
圖 目 錄 vi
表 目 錄 ix
壹、 前言 1
1.1 耐輻射奇異球菌之基本介紹 1
1.1.1 耐輻射奇異球菌的發現與分類命名 1
1.1.2 耐輻射奇異球菌的特性 2
1.1.3 耐輻射奇異球菌的基因 3
1.1.4 耐輻射奇異球菌的分佈 3
1.1.5 耐輻射奇異球菌的耐輻射能力 4
1.1.6 耐輻射奇異球菌的Mn-CD效應以及salt-mediated multi cell formation 6
1.1.7 耐輻射奇異球菌的能量代謝途徑 8
1.1.8 耐輻射奇異球菌對醣類的需求 11
1.1.9 耐輻射奇異球菌的環境應用 13
1.2 研究目標 14
貳、 材料與方法 15
2.1 菌種及來源 15
2.2 培養液與藥品 15
2.3 實驗方法 15
2.3.1 生長曲線 15
2.3.2 Mn-CD effect 16
2.3.3 氧化酶活性測試 16
2.3.3.1 不同培養液之菌液配養 16
2.3.3.2 TMPD胞色素氧化酶測試 17
2.3.4 三種不同培養液之生長曲線 18
2.3.5 胞色素組成成分分析 18
2.3.5.1 菌液培養 18
2.3.5.2 打破細胞 19
2.3.5.3 分離細胞膜 19
2.3.5.4 均質化 19
2.3.5.5 蛋白質定量 20
2.3.5.6 胞色素分析 20
參、 結果與討論 22
3.1 耐輻射奇異球菌的生長曲線和Mn-CD效應的情形 22
3.2 耐輻射奇異球菌的氧化酶活性測試 26
3.3 耐輻射奇異球菌的胞色素組成成分分析 30
3.4 氧化酶活性測試v.s.胞色素組成成分分析 32
肆、 結論與建議 35
伍、 參考文獻 37
陸、 圖 52
捌、 表 91

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