摘要
本論文係針對T(0,1)扭矩模態導波於長距離管線檢測上之實用性評估，研究煉油石化廠上常見管線特徵之回波訊號特性，以及各種包覆層與管內流體等，造成導波傳遞衰減之參數，進行衰減率之計算，以作為導波法現場實際管線檢測時，提供可用檢測距離之參考資料。本文中利用一環狀陣列式的壓電探頭，於六吋測試管線上激發出T(0,1)扭矩模態導波。首先針對法蘭、焊道、支撐架、缺陷、彎管與補丁等特徵，探討其回波訊號在不同激發頻率下回波訊號之變化情形。再者，針對一般煉油、石化工廠所使用之管線包覆層，如PE布、柏油布及保溫材料等，進行這些包覆層材料對於T(0,1)扭矩模態導波在管線中傳遞之影響，用以評估導波法於包覆管線上檢測之性能。包覆層材料對於管線中導波波傳之影響，會與管線表面接觸之狀況有關。在所研究內容中，柏油布因其黏滯性大而造成導波之衰減也相對最大，PE布其次，保溫材則最小。最後，更進一步地探討管內流體對T(0,1)扭矩模態進行管線檢測之影響，實驗中，分別於管線注入不同管內流體如水、柴油、潤滑油以及燃料油時，觀察管線特徵法蘭回波訊號大小，並與測試管中為空氣時之法蘭回波訊號比較，以求得管內流體所造成之衰減率，結果顯示出黏滯性較大之燃料油所造成之衰減效果最嚴重，而水、柴油與潤滑油等低黏滯性流體對於T(0,1)扭矩模態影響甚小，以此結果更說明了T(0,1)扭矩模態於長距離管線檢測之優點。本論文評估結果可作為導波法現場實際管線檢測之參考資料。

Abstract
This thesis studies the practical appraisal for pipeline inspection using the guided wave T(0,1) mode. The characteristic of reflected signals from the features of pipeline for various coated materials and fluid-filled pipes are also evaluated. The attenuation and the traveling distance of the guided wave are then calculated from the above-mentioned data for pipeline inspection in petro-chemical industries. In the experimental setup, the torsional mode is excited at one axial location using an array of transducers distributed around the circumference of the 6-inch test pipe. The reflected signals from various features, such as flanges, welds, supports, bends, defects and patches are analyzed at first at specific frequencies in the experiments. The effect of various coated material such as bitumen, PE and insulated material are also evaluated for the propagating torsional mode T(0,1) in the pipe. The results show that the attenuation of reflected signal is heavy for the bitumen-coated case because its viscosity is much higher than the other cases. Furthermore, the effect of pipe contents for defect detection using T(0,1) mode is investigated in this thesis. Various pipe contents, such as water, diesel oil, lubricant and fuel oil are deposit into the test pipe, respectively, to evaluate the influence to T(0,1). For the attenuation evaluation of reflected signal from flange in pipe, the reflected signal from an air-content pipe is measured for reference to compare with the measurements of other pipe contents in the experiments. The results show that the low viscosity liquid deposit in the pipe, such as water, diesel oil and lubricant, has no effect on the torsional mode; while the high viscous of the fuel oil deposit in the pipe attenuates the reflected signal heavily. It became evident that the torsional mode T(0,1) is most suitable for use in fluid-filled pipeline inspection.

目錄
目錄 …………………………………………………………………………i
表目錄 ……………………………………………………………………iii
圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………………iv
中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………………ix
英文摘要 ………………………………………………………………………x
第一章 前言 ………………………………………………………………1
1.1研究主題 ……………………………………………………1
1.2研究背景 ……………………………………………………3
1.3 研究方法 ……………………………………………………6
第二章 基本理論……………………………………………………………8
2.1導波於圓管中傳遞之波動方程式………………………………8
2.1.1縱向模態…………………………………………………9
2.1.2扭矩模態…………………………………………………10
2.1.3撓曲模態…………………………………………………10
2.2頻散曲線………………………………………………………12
2.3波形結構………………………………………………………15
第三章 實驗架構與量測 …………………………………………………21
3.1導波法管線檢測系統……………………………………………21
3.1.1導波法檢測儀器設備……………………………………21
3.1.2導波法檢測步驟…………………………………………22
3.1.3導波法回波訊號判讀……………………………………23
3.2測試管件規格 ………………………………………………27
3.3實驗步驟 ……………………………………………………28
3.3.1管線特徵回波訊號判讀…………………………………28
3.3.2包覆層實驗 ……………………………………………29
3.3.3管內流體實驗 …………………………………………30
第四章 實驗結果與討論 …………………………………………………39
4.1管線特徵回波訊號判讀實驗結果………………………………39
4.2包覆層對導波衰減影響實驗結果 ……………………………42
4.3管內流體對導波衰減影響實驗結果 …………………………45
第五章 結論與建議 …………………………………………………………61
5.1結論 ……………………………………………………………61
5.2建議事項與未來展望…………………………………………63
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………64
附錄A：圓管中導波波傳解推導…………………………………………69
附錄B：實驗結果回波訊號圖……………………………………………92

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