西施舌Sanguinolaria rostrata的生長環境受到溫度、鹽度及藻濃度的影響，其成長與肥育則與食物濾食量有關，因此本研究以溫度、鹽度以及藻濃度作為探討因子。鹽度範圍設定為5~30 psu、溫度範圍設為20℃~30℃，使用的藻種為Chaetoceros gracilis及Isochrysis galbana，並設定為三個濃度104、105 及106 cells/ml。每次實驗進行六小時，每小時量測藻液濃度一次。實驗結果顯示：個體的清除率與鹽度的關係趨勢出現最大值，發生在鹽度20 psu；清除率隨藻類濃度的增加而減少；攝食率與鹽度的關係趨勢亦出現最大值，發生在鹽度15 psu∼20 psu；攝食率隨藻濃度的增加而增加，擬糞亦隨藻濃度的增加而增加。在藻濃度104 cells/ml 及溫度20~30℃間，清除率及攝食率與鹽度的關係趨勢皆出現最大值，發生在溫度25℃。本研究測得清除率最大值為1.13 l/h。濾食Isochrysis galbana的清除率較濾食Chaetoceros gracilis略大，產生的擬糞較少。

The environment of bivalve Sanguinolaria rostrata growth and reproduction is affected by temperature, salinity and algal concentration.The growth and fattening of the bivalves is closely associated with filter-feeding. Hence, the present work was to investigate the effect of temperature, salinity and algal concentration on the filter-feeding of the bivalves. The salinity ranging from 5 to 30 at the interval of 5 psu, four temperatures at 20°, 25°, 27° and 30℃, and three algal concentrations of each Isochrysis galbana and each Chaetoceros gracilis, 104 , 105 and 106 cells/ml, were used. Algal concentration was measured each hour and each test run last for 6 hours. A peak appeared at the salinity of 20 psu in each clearance rate vs salinity curve and clearance rate decreased with increasing algal concentration; a peak also appeared at the salinity of either 15∼20 psu in the ingestion rate vs salinity curve; and ingestion rate and the amount of pseudofaeces increased with increasing algal concentration. Under the conditions of algal concentration 104 cells/ml and temperature range 20°~30℃, a peak appeared at 25℃ in each clearance rate and each ingestion rate vs temperature curves, and the greatest peak of clearance rate was 1.13 l/h; and the amount of pseudofaeces was the greatest at 25℃ and 20 psu. The bivalves fed with Isochrysis galbana have greater clearance and ingestion rates but less amount of pseudofaeces, compared to those fed with Chaetoceros gracilis.

目錄
致謝辭 ………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
中英文摘要 ………………………………………………………… 1
目錄 ………………………………………………………………… Ⅱ
表目錄 …………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………… Ⅴ
圖附錄 ……………………………………………………………… Ⅵ
前言 ………………………………………………………………… 4
材料與方法 ………………………………………………………… 9
結果 ………………………………………………………………… 15
討論 ………………………………………………………………… 29
參考文獻 …………………………………………………………… 39
表 …………………………………………………………………… 44
圖 …………………………………………………………………… 83
圖附錄 ………………………………………………………………100


表目錄
Table 1 The critical value of algal concentration without pseudofaeces formation for Sanguinolaria rostrata……………………..44
Table 2 Results of the analysis of variance on salinity and clearance rate (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata……..45
Table 3 Results of the analysis of variance on salinity and ingestion rate (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata……..47
Table 4 Results of the analysis of variance on salinity and pseudefaeces (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata.48
Table 5 Results of the analysis of variance on salinity and ingestion
capacity (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata...49
Table 6 Results of the analysis of variance on salinity and clearance rate (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…....50
Table 7 Results of the analysis of variance on salinity and ingestion rate (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…....52
Table 8 Results of the analysis of variance on salinity and pseudofaeces
(Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata……………54
Table 9 Results of the analysis of variance on salinity and ingestion capacity (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria
rostrata………………………………………………….…56
Table 10 Results of the analysis of variance on clearance rate and algal
concentration of 104, 105, 106 cells/ml(Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…………………………………58
Table 11 Results of the analysis of variance on clearance rate and algal concentration of 104, 105, 106 cells/ml (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…………………………………60
Table 12 Results of the analysis of variance on ingestion rate and algal concentration of 104, 105, 106 cells/ml (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…………………………………62
Table 13 Results of the analysis of variance on ingestion rate and algal concentration of 104, 105, 106 cells/ml (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…………………………………64
Table 14 Results of the analysis of variance on pseudofaeces and algal concentration of 104, 105, 106 cells/ml (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…………………………………66
Table 15 Results of the analysis of variance on pseudofaeces and algal concentration of 104, 105, 106 cells/ml (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…………………………………68
Table 16 Results of the analysis of variance on ingestion capacity and algal concentration of 104, 105, 106 cells/ml (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata………………………70
Table 17 Results of the analysis of variance on ingestion capacity and algal concentration of 104, 105, 106 cells/ml (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata ………………………72
Table 18 Results of the analysis of variance on temperature and
clearance rate (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata……………………………………………………74
Table 19 Results of the analysis of variance on temperature and ingestion rate (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata……………………………76
Table 20 Results of the analysis of variance on temperature and pseudofaeces (Isochrysis galbana) and salinity for Sanguinolaria rostrata…………………77
Table 21 Results of the analysis of variance on temperature and ingestion capacity (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…………………………………78
Table 22 Results of the analysis of variance on tempeature and clearance rate (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata……………………………………………79
Table 23 Results of the analysis of variance on tempeature and ingestion rate (Chaetoceros gracilis) at same salinity for Sanguinolaria rostrata…………….……………………………80
Table 24 Results of the analysis of variance on tempeature and pseudofaeces (Chaetoceros gracilis) at same salinity for Sanguinolaria rostrata……………………………………81
Table 25 Results of the analysis of variance on tempeature and ingestion capacity (Chaetoceros gracilis) at same salinity for Sanguinolaria rostrata……………………………82


圖目錄
Figure 1 The apparatus setup for feeding of the bivalves……..……..….....83
Figure 2 Variation of clearance rate with salinity and algal concentration
(Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata.…..…….….......84
Figure 3 Variation of ingestion rate with salinity and algal concentration (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata...…..…...….......85
Figure 4 Variation of pseudofaeces with salinity and algal concentration (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata.…..…….….......86
Figure 5 Variation of ingestion capacity with salinity and algal
concentration(Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata …..87
Figure 6 Variation of clearance rate with salinity and algal concentration (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…….….…......88
Figure 7 Variation of ingestion rate with salinity and algal concentration (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata……..……......89
Figure 8 Variation of pseudofaeces with salinity and algal concentration (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata……..……......90
Figure 9 Variation of ingestion capacity with salinity and algal concentration(Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata...91
Figure 10 Variation of clearance rate with temperature and salinity
(Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…………….......92
Figure 11 Variation of ingestion rate with temperature and salinity
(Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…………….......93
Figure 12 Variation of pseudofaeces with temperature and salinity
(Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata.………….….....94
Figure 13 Variation of ingestion capacity with temperature and salinity (Isochrysis galbana) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…….……..…....95
Figure 14 Variation of clearance rate with temperature and salinity (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…..…….….....96
Figure 15 Variation of ingestion rate with temperature and salinity (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata…..……..…....97
Figure 16 Variation of pseudofaeces with temperature and salinity (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata….…….….....98
Figure 17 Variation of ingestion capacity with temperature and salinity (Chaetoceros gracilis) for Sanguinolaria rostrata………….…..99


圖附錄
Appendix 1 Quantitative determination of algal concentration (Isochrysis galbana )based on optical
density(nm) ………………………………100
Appendix 2 Quantitative determination of algal concentration ( Chaetoceros gracilis ) based on optical density (nm) ……………………………101
Appencix 3 Typical variation of algal concentration with time during part of 6-hour filter feeding measurement………………………………102

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