摘要
本研究主要目的在探討高屏溪流域自然風化及人為作用對河川主要及微量元素之空間以及時間序列分布變化之影響，以瞭解高屏溪主要及微量元素之產生，傳送與輸出之控制機制。
研究結果顯示高屏溪流域風化程度指標甚高，河川懸浮顆粒主要離子的淋失與鐵鋁之富集均顯示出熱帶河川高風化程度之特性，由顆粒態Si/Al mole比值顯示高屏溪流域溶解及顆粒物質組成主要受岩石礦物風化成高嶺土或其他2：1型礦物所控制。
於研究期間(2002年)，利用高屏溪流域之流量、懸浮沈積物通量及水體中主要離子通量推算出此流域之物理風化產率為655.8 g/m2/yr，與楊(2001)所測得之結果3601 g/m2/yr差距很大；化學風化產率為416.2 g/m2/yr，約僅為楊(2001)所測得之36.57%，其差異主要係流量變化很大所致，但仍較全球物理風化平均150 g/m2/yr及化學風化平均33-40 g/m2/yr高出許多。此結果亦顯示高屏溪流域風化產率年際間變化甚大，係受雨量變化影響所致。高屏溪流域的化學風化中，矽酸岩礦物風化約佔97.09 ± 2.41 %。
高屏溪流域懸浮顆粒之微量元素(錳、鋅、銅、鉻、鉛、鎘、汞)於時序分布之富集因子(EF)顯示，枯水期之微量元素人為污染程度較高；空間分布上，則為下游的高屏溪污染較嚴重。由連續觀測顯示，顆粒態微量元素之濃度變化受流量之影響，即流量越大，濃度越低，而流量較低時，易受人為污染影響；溶解態微量元素之濃度變化亦受流量之影響，但是未達顯著之負相關性。微量元素之通量與流量呈顯著之正相關，顯示流量決定了顆粒態及溶解態微量元素之通量。由輸出產值之年度差異顯示，雨量變化可能主宰高屏溪流域之風化程度並決定了沈積物及元素之通量。
高屏溪懸浮顆粒及高屏峽谷表層沈積物之顆粒態有機碳(POC)及顆粒態氮(PN)含量相近，而以δ13Corg估算高屏溪流域的輸出有機物質約有77.2 % 沈降進入高屏峽谷，顯示高屏峽谷對於有機物質的傳輸與貯匯扮演了重要的角色。

Abstract
This study aims to understand the influence of weathering and human perturbation on spatial and temporal variability of major and trace element distributions in the Kaoping River basin. The collected data are used to elucidate the production, transport and export of major and trace elements from the Kaoping River basin.
Experimental results show that the weathering index of the Kaoping River basin is rather high. The significant loss of major ions and enrichment of iron and aluminum from river suspended matter indicate the characteristic of high weathering rate in most tropical rivers. Particulate Si/Al mole ratios range from 1 to 2 showing that the distributions of dissolved and particulate matter are largely controlled by the weathering process of kaolinite and /or smectite formation.
During the study period (2002), the physical and chemical weathering rates were estimated about 655.8 and 416.2 g/m2/yr, respectively. Both physical and chemical weathering rates are much lower than those estimated by Yang (2001) during the period of 1999-2000 [3601 g/m2/yr (physical weathering rate), 1146 g/m2/yr (chemical weathering rate)], due to significant difference in river discharge. However, the estimated physical and chemical weathering rates are still much higher than the world averages of physical (150 g/m2/yr) and chemical (33-40 g/m2/yr) weathering rates. The marked difference between this and Yang’s estimates is caused from large difference in river discharge. Silicate weathering was estimated about 97.09 ± 2.41% of total chemical weathering in the Kaoping River basin.
The temporal variations of enrichment factor (EF) for most particulate trace metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Hg) reveal a greater pollution status in the dry season than in the wet season. Spatial variations of EF also reveal a greater pollution in the downstream zone than in the upstream zone. Time-series observation showed that concentrations of particulate trace elements were inversely correlated with discharge. The significant correlation between the fluxes of dissolved and particulate trace elements and discharge suggesting that river discharge controlled largely the fluxes of major and trace elements. The annual variations of elemental fluxes were determined critically by the annual difference of river discharge.
The distributions of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) were similar between suspended matter in the Kaoping River and surface sediments in the Kaoping Canyon. The data of δ13Corg show that about 77.2% of organic matter derived from the Kaoping River basin deposit in the Kaoping Canyon. The Kaoping Canyon appears to play an important role on the transport and deposition of organic matter from the Kaoping River basin.

目錄
中文摘要………………………………………………………………II
英文摘要………………………………………………………………IV
目錄……………………………………………………………………VI
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………VII
表目錄………………………………………………………………… IX

第一章 前言…………………………………………………………….1
第二章 研究區域
2-1 高屏溪流域…………………………………………………...4
2-2 高屏溪流域地質及土壤背景………………………………...9
2-3 高屏海底峽谷……………………………………………….12
第三章 材料及方法
3-1 採樣地區及方法…………………………………………….15
3-2 樣品分析…………………………………………………….16
3-3 高屏溪流域溶解及顆粒態元素通量……………………….28
第四章 結果
4-1 高屏溪流域主要元素及微量元素之時空分布……..............29
4-2 高屏溪下游萬大橋密集觀測之季節性變化………………..33
4-3 高屏溪流域之輸出通量……………………………………..44
4-4 高屏溪流域與高屏峽谷物質之分布情況…………………..55
第五章 討論
5-1 高屏溪流域風化作用與溶解態及顆粒態物質分布關係….61
5-2 高屏溪流域微量元素之地化特徵與污染現況…………….70
5-3 由連續觀測探討自然(流量)與人為作用對微量元素產生與輸出之影響……………………………………………………83
5-4 由萬大橋連續觀測結果與前人(楊，2001)所測得之數據看高屏溪之年度變化……………………………………………91
5-5 高屏溪流域有機碳的輸出對高屏峽谷顆粒態碳之影響….93
第六章 結論…………………………………………………………..96
參考文獻
中文部分…………………………………………………………98
英文部分………………………………………………..………100

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