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論文名稱 Title |
MPEG-4視訊編解碼器於微處理器之實作 Implementation of MPEG-4 Video Encoder/Decoder on Microprocessors |
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系所名稱 Department |
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畢業學年期 Year, semester |
語文別 Language |
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學位類別 Degree |
頁數 Number of pages |
58 |
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研究生 Author |
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指導教授 Advisor |
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召集委員 Convenor |
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口試委員 Advisory Committee |
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口試日期 Date of Exam |
2004-07-05 |
繳交日期 Date of Submission |
2004-08-14 |
關鍵字 Keywords |
鑽石搜尋演算法、移動預估 motion estimation, diamond search, arm, mpeg-4 |
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統計 Statistics |
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中文摘要 |
數位影像資料需要極大之壓縮比,才可能使其在網際網路、通訊及視聽環境中有其應用地位,在眾多的的視訊壓縮標準中,我們選擇了MPEG-4在ARM平台上做效能改善,而MPEG-4視訊壓縮標準包含許多重覆的數學運算,如Motion Estimation、DCT 都包含許多加法、減法以及乘法的運算需求,然而, C 程式編譯後產生的組合語言,通常會有多餘的檢查動作,當相同的運算需要被執行多次時,這些多餘的檢查動作將會對執行時間造成大量的浪費。本篇論文將MPEG-4 C 程式碼放到ARM9上利用手寫組合語言做效能改善,並且針對ARM在硬體上的特性,對資料型態做最佳化,以期能夠獲得更好的效能改善,並分析除了手寫的組合語言之外,在不同情況下,如啟動UMV、INTER4V或編譯器最佳化之後在效能及影像品質上的表現。 |
Abstract |
Digital image data requires large compression ratio in applications like internet, communication and audio-visual environment. In this thesis, we realize the MPEG-4 codec standard on the ARM9-based platform and improve the execution performance by efficient implementations of the core operations such as Motion Estimation and DCT. In the assembly codes obtained by directly compiling the C codes, there exists a lot of redundant checking which causes a large amount of execution time waste. We rewrite some of the compiled assembly codes to improve the execution efficiency using a variety of techniques such as loop-unrolling and data-type optimization. We also analyze the experimental results using several benchmark video sequences with different modes. |
目次 Table of Contents |
CHAPTER 1 緒論 1.1 MPEG-4源起與規格制定 1.2 MPEG-4的各種應用 1.3 研究動機 1.4 論文架構 CHAPTER 2 MPEG-4視訊壓縮技術 2.1 色彩與取樣 2.2 離散餘弦轉換 2.3 量化 2.4 移動預估 2.4.1 區塊匹配演算法 2.4.2 區塊匹配的測量標準 2.4.3 移動預估演算法 2.4.3.1 完全搜尋演算法 2.4.3.2 三步搜尋演算法 2.4.3.3 Diamond搜尋演算法 CHAPTER 3 ARM9介紹 3.1 ARM922TDMI 架構特色 3.1 Pipeline Stage 3.3 ARM 指令集介紹 3.3.1 ARM Instructions 3.3.2 Thumb Instructions CHAPTER 4 組合語言實作 4.1 MPEG-4 Profiles Overview 4.2 移動預估的實作 4.2.1 C程式與組合語言之間的溝通 4.2.2 計算Absolute Difference 4.3 離散餘弦轉換的實作 4.4 量化的實作 4.4.1 以乘法取化除法運算 4.4.2 精確度的考量 4.5 合併DCT與量化 4.6 編譯器的最佳化 CHAPTER 5 實驗結果與討論 5.1 移動預估 5.2 離散餘弦轉換 5.3 整合ME、DCT與量化後之效能比較 5.4 對編譯器做最佳化後的效能改善 5.5 各種不同optional mode與量化參數的影響 5.5.1 自由移動向量 5.5.2 Inter/Inter4V Mode 的選擇 5.5.3 量化參數對於影像品質的影響 5.6 MPEG4視訊解碼器 5.7單指令多數據 CHAPTER 6 結論 參考文獻 |
參考文獻 References |
【1】戴顯權,資料壓縮,1996. 【2】ISO/IEC 11172-2, Information Technology-Coding of MovingPictures and Associated Audio-for Digital Storage Media at up toabout 1.5 Mbit/s-Part 2: Video, 1994. 【3】ISO/IEC Committee Draft 13818-2,Information Technology-Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated AudioInformation-Part 2:Video, 1994. 【4】ISO/IEC Committee Draft 14496, International Organisation for Standardisation Organisation International de Normalisation ISOO/IEC TC1/SC29/WG11 Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio. 【5】Kou, W.; Mark, J.W. “A new look at DCT-type transforms,” IEEE Trans.Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 37, no 12, pp. 1899 –1908, Dec.1989 【6】A. Costa, A. D. Gloria, Ploria, P. Faraboschi and F. Passaggio, “A VLSI archiecture for hierarchical motion estimation”, IEEE Transatctions on Consumer Electronics, Volumn. 41, Number.2, pp.248-257, 1995. 【7】S. Zhu and K. –K. Ma, “A new diamond search algorithm for fast block-matching motion estimation,” IEEE Trans. Image Processing, pp.287- 290, vol.9,no.2, Feb. 2000. 【8】B. Liu and A. Zaccarin, “New fast algorithms for the estimation of block motion vector, ” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for video Technology, pp.148- 157, vol.3,no.2, Apr. 1993 【9】Y.L. Chan; Wai-Lam Hui; Wan-Chi Siu , “A block motion vector estimation using pattern based pixel decimation, ” Circuits and Systems, 1997. ISCAS '97.,Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Volume: 2 , 1997 , Page(s):1153 -1156 vol.2. 【10】K.Lengwehasatit; A.Ortega, “Probabilistic partial- distance fast matching algorithms for motion estimation, ” Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEETransactions on Volume: 11 2 , February 2001 , Page(s): 139 –152. 【11】Y. C. Lin and S. C. Tai, “Fast Full-Search Block-Matching Algorithm for Motion-Compensated Video Compression,” IEEE Trans. Communications., vol. 45,no. 5, pp. 527-531, May. 1997. 【12】H.M. Jong, L. G. Chen and T. D. Chiueh, “Accuracyimprovement and cost reduction of 3-step searchblock-matching algorithm for video coding,” IEEE Trans.Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 4, pp. 88-90,1994 【13】R. Li, B. Zeng, and M. L. Liou, “A new three-step search algorithm for block motion estimation,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., Vol. 4, pp. 438-442,1994. 【14】http://www.arm.com,ARM Architecture Reference Manual 【15】http://www.arm.com,ARM Development Suite Assembly Guide 【16】http://www.analog.com/,ADSP-218x DSP Hardware Reference 【17】http:// www.analog.com/,ADSP-218x DSP Instruction Set Reference 【18】Peleg and U. Weiser, “MMX Technology Extension to the Intel Architecture,” IEEE Micro, pp. 42–50, July/Aug. 1996 【19】S. Oberman et al., “AMD 3DNow! technology: Architecture and implementations,”IEEE Micro, vol. 19, pp. 37–48, Mar./Apr. 1999. 【20】T. Thakkar and T. Huff, “The internet streaming SIMD extensions,”IEEE Computer, pp. 26–34, Dec. 1999. 【21】Ing-Jer Huang, Wen-Kai Huang, Rui-Ting Gu and Chung-Fu Kao”A cost effective multimedia extension to ARM7 microprocessors”IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., Vol. 2, pp. 26-29,2002. |
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