本論文研究了三種玻璃表面處理(無配向、水平配向、垂直配向)對膽固醇藍相液晶雷射的光電特性之影響。藍相液晶的三維光子晶體的特性具備成為雷射共振腔的所需條件，因此可在藍相液晶中摻雜染料製作出藍相液晶雷射。第一部分，利用改變玻璃表面處理造成對藍相液晶的排列，觀察藍相液晶雷射的光譜圖、雷射輸出功率起始值(threshold)。我們發現當玻璃過配向後，有利於雷射的輸出降低了雷射輸出的起始值。第二部分，改變藍相液晶的降溫速率觀察三種表面處理的藍相液晶雷射之影響，當降溫速率變慢時，讓藍相液晶排列更整齊，亦可降低雷射輸出起始值。

In this study, we study three kinds of surface treatments in the blue phase lasers. Three kinds of surface treatments include no surface treatment, homogeneous alignment ,HA, and vertical alignment ,VA. Blue Phase liquid crystal is a three-dimensional photonic crystal, and it can be used to be a laser cavity. When the blue phase doped with a laser dye, a laser emission can be observed under appropriate pumping energy. In the first part, we fabricate the blue phase lasers with three kinds of surface, there are different surface treatments to study the surface effect of the optoelectronic properties. It is found that the threshold pumping power is significantly decreased under a surface treatment on glass substrate. In the second part, we change cooling rate in the formation of the blue phase liquid crystals, and study the optoelectronic properties of blue phase lasers. The experiment results reveal that the slower cooling rate leads to a order blue phase substrate, resulting in a lower threshold pumping energy of the blue phase laser.

致謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
第一章 導論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 液晶簡介 2
1.2.1 何謂液晶 2
1.2.2 液晶的分類 4
1.3 液晶物理 8
1.3.1 液晶的折射率異向性 8
1.3.2 液晶的介電異向性 11
1.3.3液晶的彈性連續體理論 12
1.3.4 秩序參數 13
1.4 藍相液晶(Blue phase liquid crystal, BPLC) 15
1.4.1 藍相液晶簡介 15
1.4.2 藍相液晶的旋光性 16
1.4.3 藍相液晶的雙扭轉柱體結構與堆疊 17
1.5 液晶元件常用的表面處理 18
第二章 理論介紹 20
2.1 膽固醇液晶的光學特性 20
2.2 膽固醇液晶一維光子晶體的特性 20
2.3 摻雜雷射染料的膽固醇液晶雷射 22
2.4 藍相液晶的光學特性 24
2.4.1 藍相液晶的布拉格反射與光學均向性 24
2.4.2 Kossel diagram 24
2.5 藍相液晶的三維光子晶體 28
2.6 摻雜雷射染料的藍相液晶雷射 29
第三章 實驗方法與過程 30
3.1 材料介紹 30
3.2 樣品製作 31
3.2.1 藍相液晶的配置 31
3.2.2 液晶盒製作 32
3.3 實驗架設與方法 34
3.3.1 藍相液晶紋理與光譜量測 34
3.3.2 實驗光路的架設與實驗步驟 36
第四章 實驗結果與討論 38
4.1 三種玻璃表面處理的藍相液晶樣品盒光學特性量測 38
4.1.1 無配向下的藍相液晶盒光學特性 38
4.1.2 水平配向下的藍相液晶盒光學特性 39
4.1.3 垂直配向下的藍相液晶盒光學特性 40
4.1.4 比較三種玻璃表面處理藍相液晶的光學特性 41
4.2 三種玻璃表面處理對染料藍相液晶樣品盒的激發光之影響 42
4.2.1 無配向的染料藍相液晶盒的激發光 42
4.2.2 水平向的染料藍相液晶盒的激發光 44
4.2.3 垂直配向的染料藍相液晶盒的激發光 46
4.2.4 比較三種玻璃表面配向對染料藍相液晶盒的激發光之影響 48
4.3 改變藍相液晶盒降溫速率對光學特性與激發光之影響 49
4.3.1 無配向之藍相液晶盒改變降溫速率的光學特性及激發光之比較 50
4.3.2水平配向之藍相液晶盒改變降溫速率的光學特性及激發光之比較 52
4.3.3垂直配向之藍相液晶盒改變降溫速率的光學特性及激發光之比較 54
4.3.4 比較三種玻璃表面配向不同降溫速率對染料藍相液晶盒的激發光之影響 56
第五章 結論 58
參考文獻 60

[1] 謝葆如, ”藍相液晶顯示材料,” 工業材料雜誌, 270, 113 (2009).
[2] H. Coles and S. Morris, ”Liquid-crystal lasers, ” Nature Photonics, 4, 676 (2010).
[3] 松本正一, 角田市良, 液晶之基礎與應用, 國立編譯館出版, 台北 (1996).
[4] S. T. Wu and D. K. Yang, Reflective Liquid Crystal Display, John Wiley & Sons, England (2001).
[5] H. Kikuchi, Liquid Crystalline Blue Phases, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York (2008).
[6] H. S. Kitzerow, “Blue phase come of age: a review,” Proc. of SPIE, 7232, 723205 (2009).
[7] T. Scharf, Polarized Light in Liquid Crystals and Polymers, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey (2007).
[8] S. Meiboom and M. Sammon “Structure of the Blue Phase of a Cholesteric Liquid Crystal,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 882 (1980).
[9] S. Furumi , “Recent Progress in Chiral Photonic Band-Gap Liquid Crystals for Laser Applications,“ The Chemical Record,10, 394 (2010).
[10] J. P. Dowling, M. Scalora, M. J. Bloemer, and C. M. Bowden, “The photonic band edge laser: A new approach to gain enhancement,” J. Appl. Phys. 75, 1896 (1994).
[11] V. I. Kopp, B. Fan, H. K. M. Vithana, and A. Z. Genack, "Low-threshold lasing at the edge of a photonic stop band in cholesteric liquid crystals," Opt. Lett. 23, 1707, (1998).
[12] A. Chanishvili, G. Chilaya, G. Petriashvili, R. Barberi, R. Bartolino, G. Cipparrone, and A. Mazzulla, “Laser emission from a dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal pumped by another cholesteric liquid crystal laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3378 (2004).
[13] S. Furumi, S. Yokoyama, A. Otomo, and S. Mashiko, “Electrical control of the structure and lasing in chiral photonic band-gap liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett, 82, 16 (2003).
[14] A. Muñoz F., P. Palffy-Muhoray, and B. Taheri, "Ultraviolet lasing in cholesteric liquid crystals," Opt. Lett. 26, 804 (2001).
[15] C. T. Wang, Hu-Yi Liu, Hsin-Hui Cheng, and Tsung-Hsien Lin, “Bistable effect in the liquid crystal blue phase,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 041106 (2010).
[16] W. Cao, A. Muñoz, P. Palffy-Muhoray, B. Taheri, “Lasing in a three-dimensional photonic crystal of the liquid crystal blue phase II, nature materials, 1 ,111 (2002).
[17] S. Yokoyama, S. Mashiko, H. Kikuchi, K. Uchida, Toshihiko Nagamura, 'Laser Emission from a Polymer-Stabilized Liquid-Crystalline Blue Phase,' Adv. Mater, 18, 48 (2006).