由於近年來使用電磁波進行傳遞接收的無線通訊系統是日益增多，形成愈來愈多的基地台密集地出現於建築物樓頂。伴隨科技的普及而來的自然就是科技對使用者健康上的影響，目前已知，電磁波對人體產生的生物生理效應，以加熱效應最為顯著且其影響也最明確。因此，為確保無線通訊設備使用之安全性，以防止因人體內溫度過高而造成傷害，除了解手機之SAR值，溫度分析亦是必須的。

本論文主要是應用FDTD法計算行動通訊基地台及手機電磁波對人頭內SAR值及溫度分佈的影響。一般來說，我們可假設基地台天線的遠場電磁波為一均勻平面波，接著利用全場/散射場(total-field / scattered-field, TF/SF)法模擬一均勻平面波，進而分析人體頭部受此均勻平面波影響後之 SAR值分佈。再者，本論文亦針對矩形金屬鏡框在900MHz及1.8GHz均勻平面波下所造成的一些影響效應進行探討。

In recent years, the wireless communication operators use more and more systems based on the transmission and reception of EM waves. As a result, more and more base stations are being installed on the rooftop of existing buildings in densely populated areas. The prevailing of wireless communications has prompted the public’s concern of the health issue. To date, the most prominent and scientifically verifiable biological effect of EM waves is the heating effect. In order to maintain the users’ health from the over-heating due to excessive use, analysis of the temperature distribution inside the human body is also very critical as well as the SAR guidelines.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the SAR values and temperature distribution inside the human head, under the EM exposure of mobile communication base station and handset based on the use of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. In general, we assumed that the far-field exposure of base station are uniform plane-wave exposures. The total-field / scattered-field (TF/SF) formulation implements a compact uniform plane-wave source permitting FDTD simulations to accurately predict the SAR distribution in the human head due to uniform plane-wave exposures. Furthermore, this thesis investigates the effects of the rectangular frames of the metallic spectacles at 900MHz and 1.8 GHz for the uniform plane wave.

目錄……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
圖表目錄……………………………………………………………………………..Ⅵ
第一章 序論…………………………………………………………………………..1
1.1 研究背景及目的…………………………………………………………….1
1.2 論文大綱…………………………………………………………………….3
第二章 電磁波對人體之影響 ……………………………………………………...4
2.1電磁場與人體組織的相互作用 …………………………………………...4
2.2電磁波對人類健康影響的相關研究 ……………………………………….5
2.3人體曝露於電磁輻射的安全標準 ………………………………………...6
第三章 人體頭部之SAR值計算與熱傳導 ………………………………………11
3.1非均勻型(heterogeneous)及均勻型(homogeneous)人頭模型 …………….11
3.2 SAR值之計算………………………………………………………………14
3.3熱傳導方程式(bioheat equation)…………………………………………...15
3.3.1人體組織內的溫度計算 ……………………………………………15
3.3.2穩定準則 ……………………………………………………………16
3.3.3邊界上的溫度計算 …………………………………………………17
3.3.4人體組織初始溫度的計算 …………………………………………19
第四章 手機電磁波對人體頭部之影響……………………………………………20
4.1矩形微帶型天線手機 …………………………………………………….20
4.2人頭模型內SAR值分佈與溫度變化………………………………………26
4.2.1非均勻型人頭模型內SAR值分佈…………………………………26
4.2.2非均勻型人頭模型內之溫度變化 …………………………………29
4.2.3均勻型人頭模型內SAR值分佈……………………………………31
第五章 行動通訊基地台電磁波對人體頭部之影響 ……………………………...35
5.1均勻平面波對人頭模型SAR值分佈之影響……………………………...35
5.1.1均勻平面波之產生 …………………………………………………35
5.1.2人頭模型內SAR值分佈……………………………………………36

5.2配戴眼鏡對人頭模型SAR值分佈之影響 ………………………………40
5.2.1眼鏡結構 ……………………………………………………………41
5.2.2人頭模型內SAR值之分佈比較……………………………………42
5.3均勻平面波入射人頭模型產生之溫度變化………………………………52
第六章 結論…………………………………………………………………………53
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………..54

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