本研究改裝熱水鍋爐成實驗用燃爐，採用高級柴油探討在不同設計及操作條件下鍋爐內之燃燒特性及污染物排放情形。本實驗藉由調整空氣之軸向及徑向流量，以控制不同之當量比及渦漩數。實驗參數控制範圍如下當量比0.8~1.1、噴油壓力7~9 kg/cm²、穩流板開口角 0 度與45 度、渦漩數0~1.0及煙道氣迴流量0~12%等，藉由以上參數之改變，探討鍋爐內燃燒特性和污染物生成之影響。此外，藉由火焰結構的觀察，以暸解不同操作條件下火焰之燃燒行為。
當量比 0.8至1.1的操作條件下，排煙道處整體NO與CO濃度會隨著當量比的下降而逐漸減少。在不同當量比下，整體溫度與NO濃度會隨著噴油壓力的增加而升高。
穩流板開口角度45度，有助於燃料向外擴散，增加燃料與空氣之混合，故對已燃氣體之溫度和污染物的生成皆有重大的影響。在穩流板開口角度45度、渦漩度1.0的情況下，排煙道處整體NO之排放較低。
在當量比 0.8，不同煙道氣迴流量下之燃燒反應，排煙道處整體NO濃度的分怖，會隨著煙道氣迴流量的增加而逐漸下降。本研究的實驗，穩流板開口角度45度、渦漩數1.0、煙道氣流量為12%的情形下，有最低的NO排放量，其NO減量約為32 % ，且熱效率 只減少3.7，達到不影響熱效率太大情況下有著低污染物排放的要求。
在渦漩度為 0之情況下，穩流板45 度與 0度 兩者在主燃燒區的火焰顏色主要為黃白色的火焰，另外由於渦漩度1.0下，火焰外圍因燃燒氣體燃燒後形成CO2及水汽(Water Vapor)成分的放射，形成了一層紅色的火焰光芒，比渦漩度為0時明顯很多。

A modified furnace, which burns diesel oil is adopted to study the combustion characteristics and the pollution of the exhausting products under certain designing and operating conditions. The different equivalence ratios and swirl numbers can be obtained by adjusting the flow rate of both axial air and tangential air. The controlling ranges of the various experimental parameters include the equivalence ratios from 0.8 to 1.1, the jet oil pressures from 7 kg/cm² to 9 kg/cm², the open angles of the plate 0° and 45°, the swirl numbers from 0 to 1.0, the flow rates of the recirculated flue gas from 0% to 12%. The effects of the controlling variables on the combustion characteristics and the formations of pollutants within combustion chamber are studied in this reseach. A photographic technology is used to study the flame structures for helping us to understand the behaviors of the flame under various operating conditions.
Under the equivalence ratios from 0.8 to1.1, the concentrations of the average NO and CO decrease, at the lower equivalence ratio. However, the concentrations of the average NO and temperature increases monotonously when jet oil pressure increases.
The plate open angle 45° is useful for the mixing of both fuel and air, so that the open angle of the plate have important effects on both the temperature of combusion gas and the formation of pollutant NO. When the plate open angle 45° and the swirl number is 0.6, the flow rate of NO in the exhaust duct is the lowest.
At equivalence ratio 0.8, the average NO concentration in exhaust duct decrease, when the flow rate of the recirculated flue gas increase. Our experiments display that the optimized operating condition is at the plate open angle 45°, the swirl number 1.0 and the recirculation rate of the flue gas 12%. NO can be reduced to 32% in this condition, and heat efficiency is reduced only about 3.7%, so we can achieve the request of reducing efficiency to much, the formation of pollutant without influencing the combustion.
Under the condition of swirl number 0 and the open angle of the plate at 0° and 45° the color of the flame in the primary combustion region are white-yellow. In the other hand, at the swirl number 1.0, the color of the flame out of the primary combustion region at the swirl number 1.0 exhibits the red color due to the formation of CO2 and water vapor. The red color region at the swirl number 1.0 is much larger than that at the swirl number 0.

中文摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
符號說明 XVII

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究目的 6

第二章 理論背景 7
2.1 氮氧化物(NOx) 7
2.1.1 熱氮氧化物(ThermalNOx) 8
2.1.2 迅生氮氧化物(PromptNOx) 10
2.2 一氧化碳(CarbonMonoxide,CO) 11
2.3 柴油之理論燃燒反應 13
2.4 渦旋度 14
2.5 煙道氣迴流法(FlueGasRecirculation,FGR) 15
2.6 熱效率 16
2.7 火焰結構分析 17

第三章 實驗原理及設備介紹 19
3.1 實驗設備工作原理與簡介 19
3.2 鍋爐燃燒設備 20
3.3 燃料供應系統 21
3.4 空氣供應系統 21
3.5 點火系統暨異常熄火警告系統 23
3.6 採樣系統 24
3.7 信號處理系統 25
3.8 實驗過程注意事項 27

第四章 實驗結果與分析 29
4.1 實驗設備之穩定性與反應時間之探討 30
4.2 燃燒室溫度隨取樣時間之修正 31
4.3 不同當量比下反應溫度與生成物濃度之分佈 32
4.3.1 燃燒室內燃氣溫度與生成物之徑向分佈 32
4.3.2 燃燒室內燃氣溫度與生成物之軸向分佈 32
4.3.3 排煙道處煙道氣溫度與濃度之徑向分佈 33
4.4 不同當量比、噴油壓力及穩流板角度組合下排煙道內生成物平均溫度及濃度之變動情形 34
4.4.1 不同噴油壓力下排煙道內生成物平均溫度及濃度隨當量比之變動情形 34
4.4.2 不同噴油壓力下排煙道內生成物平均溫度及濃度隨穩流板角度之變動情形 35
4.5 不同穩流板角度及渦漩度對燃燒溫度及生成物濃度的影響 36
4.5.1 穩流板0度時 37
4.5.2 穩流板45度時 39
4.5.3 兩種穩流板角度與渦漩度的效應 40
4.5.4 排煙道內平均溫度及平均生成物濃度隨渦漩度之變動情形 42
4.6 不同煙道氣迴流量下排煙道內生成物平均溫度及濃度之變動情形 43
4.7 不同穩流板角度及渦漩數下之火焰結構 44

第五章 結論與建議 46
5.1 結論 46
5.2 未來可進行之工作 47

參考文獻 49

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31. 呂 順 敏 ， "不 同 燃 油 燃 燒 器 設 計 對 鍋 爐 燃 燒 特 性 與 污 染 物 形 成 之 影 響 "， 碩 士 論 文 ， 國 立 中 山 大 學 機 械 工 程 研 究 所 ， 中 華 民 國 八 十 七 年 六 月 。
32. 徐 明 杰 ， "不 同 渦 漩 數 、 煙 道 氣 流 量 及 噴 嘴 角 度 對 鍋 爐 效 率 與 污 染 物 生 成 之 影 響 "， 碩 士 論 文 ， 國 立 中 山 大 學 機 械 工 程 研 究 所 ， 中 華 民 國 八 十 八 年 六 月 。
33. 楊 勝 宇 ， "燃 油 燃 燒 爐 之 噴 嘴 噴 角 與 渦 漩 度 對 燃 燒 特 性 與 生 成 物 濃 度 之 影 響 "，碩 士 論 文 ， 國 立 中 山 大 學 機 械 工 程 研 究 所 ， 中 華 民 國 八 十 九 年 六 月 。
34. 行 政 院 環 保 署 ， "固 定 污 染 源 空 氣 污 染 物 排 放 標 準 "