芬蘭於1906年通過選舉制度改革，並於隔年開始第一屆的國會大選。由於1906的選舉制度改革，賦予了芬蘭成年男女參政權；而參政權的法定年齡亦隨著時間不斷地往下調整，從1906年的24歲到1944年的21歲、1969年的20歲，最後更於1972年調整到18歲。
芬蘭的國會由200名國會議員所組成，分別於全國15個選區中選出，且除了Åland島選區為單一選區外，其餘14個選區皆依各選區人口比例分配席次。至於各政黨(政黨聯盟)所得之席次，則是以頓特最高平均數法作為分配席次的依據。
芬蘭的選舉制度自1906年以來曾做過些許的修正。現今芬蘭每四年舉辦一次國會大選，不過總統有權提早解散國會。依照現今芬蘭的選舉辦法，所有角逐大選的候選人皆列印在一張寬大的紙上，且每位候選人皆有一個號碼，至於候選人的號碼順序則大都依照字母排列；因此在各政黨(政黨聯盟)所提的名單中，候選人的排名順序與當選機會毫無關連。
而芬蘭的選舉制度的實際運作情形大略可分以下幾個階段：(a)首先選民在選票的規定處內，填上其所要支持候選人的代碼；(b)計算出各政黨或政黨聯盟的總得票數；(c)依照頓特式最高平均數法分配各選區各政黨或政黨聯盟所獲得的席次；(d)各政黨與政黨聯盟在獲得其所分配到的席次後，再依據黨內或聯合名單內個別候選人所得票數多寡，決定何人當選。因此，在芬蘭的選舉中，不但在各政黨間必須互相競爭，個別候選人也必須應付黨內的競爭。另一方面，由於在芬蘭式的選舉制度下，選民在投票時選人等同於選黨，投給任何一位候選人的選票，都是等同於支持該黨所有的候選人與認同該黨的政策，因此制度上將誘使選民在投票時，不僅需考量到個別候選人，也必須同時評估該名候選人所屬的政黨。
最後，有鑑於我國目前選舉制度改革所面臨的困境，筆者個人認為芬蘭式的選舉制度不但能解決現行選舉制度的弊端，且亦有相當的成功機會，故提出以芬蘭式的選舉制度，做為我國未來選制改革的一個方案。

The Finnish electoral system was introduced in 1906 and elections were held the following year. Since 1906, all women and men have been eligible to vote and to be nominated in elections. The age of eligibility has been successively lowered from 24 in 1906 to 21 in 1944, to 20 in 1969 and to 18 in 1972.
The Finnish parliament (Eduskunta) consists of 200 MPs elected from 15 districts. Except the Åland Island district elects a single member, the other 14 districts are all multi-member (the district magnitude is determined by the population size). Basically, the Finnish electoral system is a list system of proportional representation with multi-member constituencies. The allocation of seats to parties (including party alliance) is following the d'Hondt method.
The Finnish electoral system has undergone some transformations since it was originally introduced in 1906. As it works today, general elections are held every four years (there is a provision for premature dissolutions of parliament–a presidential prerogative). There is no predetermined order of the candidates within each list. The names of the candidates are normally printed on large sheets of paper, where each candidate has a number, and the names may be organized within each list for example in alphabetical order. The ballot paper is a small slip of paper, where the voter has to write the number of the candidate for whom he or she is voting. The individual votes thus received by different candidates within each list (normally each list corresponds to one party or a coalition of several smaller parties) will determine their final order. In other words, the voter has the duty to vote for a single candidate, and the electoral campaign is very much oriented accordingly, as a competition between individuals, although the voters presumably are also aware of the party affiliation of the candidates and of the fact that their votes will benefit not only the individual candidate but also the party in question.
When the votes have been counted and the order of the candidates within each list thus has been established, the final allocation of seats to the lists is carried out by the election board on the basis of comparison numbers, using the d'Hondt method. At the allocation stage, the individual votes of candidates are no longer relevant, as the order has already been established, and the lists compete with each other on the basis of the total votes received for each list. Therefore, the election is not exclusively a competition between parties; it is also a competition between single candidates on the party list.
Because of the deadlock at present on Taiwan's electoral reformation, I personally think that Finland's electoral system will probably be a good solution to the problems of electoral system in Taiwan, and should be included in the discussion of improving our electoral system. Hence, I recommend that Finland's model will probably be suitable to Taiwan and deserve more attention in the current discussion on Taiwan's electoral reformation.

目次
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻探討 4
第三節 理論架構與研究方法 11
第四節 章節安排 13

第二章 芬蘭選舉制度之起源與歷史政治背景 15
第一節 芬蘭的憲政歷史背景 15
第二節 四級議會的歷史 19
第三節 芬蘭的政黨起源 22

第三章 芬蘭選舉制度之興革 29
第一節 1906年的選舉制度改革 29
第二節 1906年改革後芬蘭的選舉制度 35
第三節 1906年後芬蘭選舉制度的發展情形 41
第四節 芬蘭現行的選舉制度 49

第四章 芬蘭選舉制度之特徵與影響 59
第一節 政黨聯盟 59
第二節 比例性的分析 64
第三節 芬蘭選舉制度下的開放性 70
第四節 芬蘭選舉制度下的政黨體系 74
第五節 芬蘭選舉制度下政黨的內部運作概況 81
第六節 歷來對芬蘭選舉制度的批評與建議 83

第五章 結論 87
第一節 研究發現 87
第二節 就芬蘭選舉制度論我國未來的選舉制度改革 90

參考書目 107

附錄一: 芬蘭歷屆國會大選之選舉結果(1907~2003) 123
附錄二: 芬蘭選票樣式(以1991年大選為例) 135
附錄三: 芬蘭選舉法 137

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三、 網路資料
中央選舉委員會網站http://www.cec.gov.tw/
楊婉瑩，「從第五屆立委選舉結果探討未來選舉制度改革之方向」，http://www.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/IA/090/IA-R-090-087.htm，2001年12月28日。
謝相慶，「淺談立法委員選舉制度改革–單一選區兩票制」，http://www.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/IA/091/IA-R-091-029.htm，2002年3月21日。
芬蘭司法部網站http://www.om.fi/333.htm
芬蘭統計資料網站http://tilastokeskus.fi/index_en.html
芬蘭國會網站http://www.eduskunta.fi/
芬蘭政治學會網站http://www.helsinki.fi/jarj/vty/english.htm
芬蘭法規檢索網站http://www.finlex.fi/english/laws/index.php