紙本教材便於攜帶與註記，是人們相當熟悉的教材形式，而智慧型手機則有體積小、可播放多媒體內容和具上網能力等優勢，因此，經常被應用於行動學習。本研究提出紙本結合智慧型手機的學習模式，將紙本與數位內容進行整合，為傳統紙本學習模式擴增更多功能性，也因為兩者皆具有便於攜帶的特性，亦很適合應用在行動化學習環境。在此學習模式下，本研究提出兩種輔助學習的機制，並探討其對學習成效之影響。第一個是透過智慧型手機保存紙本學習過程中的歷程，進而產生個人化學習推薦機制以輔助個人學習；第二個是加入自動化連結的機制，來減少學習過程中的環境切換問題，提升學習者的專注力。本研究根據研究目的進行系統設計與實作，採用實驗法與問卷調查法收集研究數據，再以統計分析驗證學習推薦與自動化連結機制對學習成效的影響以及學習者對此種學習模式的接受程度。研究結果顯示學習推薦對學習成效具有顯著的正向影響，但是自動化連結機制對學習成效的影響並不顯著，而學習者對此學習模式具有正向之接受度。根據研究結果，本研究亦討論其學術理論與實務應用層面之意涵，並給予研究者與教學者適當的建議。

Books and printed materials have been used as a major learning content for thousands of years. Nowadays, Smartphone is considered as an important tool for mobile learning. This study designed a learning environment with paper and Smartphone which seamlessly integrates printed materials and digital materials. The idea is to augment the traditional paper-based materials with plenty of digital materials available on the Internet. Furthermore, because both book and Smartphone are with very good mobility, the designed system is also very suitable for mobile learning. Two special mechanisms were designed for supporting learning activities, and their effects on learning performance were evaluated. The first one is learning recommendation which is generated based on the learning portfolio. The second one is automated content connection which can reduce the loading of context switching between printed materials and digital materials so as learners can be more concentrated on learning tasks. A system was designed and implemented for conducting an experiment and data collection. The statistic analysis shows that learning recommendation has a significant positive effect on learning performance; however, the effect of automated content connection on learning performance is not significant. Besides, the questionnaire survey also shows that learners have positive attitude toward the acceptance of the learning system designed in this study. Based on the results, some implications and suggestions are provided for researchers and instructors.

致謝 II
摘要 III
Abstract IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 VIII
第一章、緒論 1
第一節、研究背景與動機 1
第二節、研究目的 4
第三節、研究問題 5
第二章、文獻探討 6
第一節、紙本與數位內容整合的相關研究 6
第二節、智慧型手機在行動學習上之相關應用 7
第三節、學習歷程應用在學習推薦之相關研究 9
第四節、沉浸理論與環境切換 10
第三章、研究方法 13
第一節、研究架構與假說 13
第二節、研究工具 15
第三節、系統設計 17
第四節、研究對象 23
第五節、實驗設計 23
第六節、資料分析方法 31
第四章、結果與討論 33
第一節、資料蒐集 33
第二節、前測與後測成績分析 34
第三節、系統滿意度問卷 - 科技接受度分析 37
第四節、綜合討論 41
第五章、結論 47
第一節、研究發現 47
第二節、研究貢獻 48
第三節、研究限制 49
第四節、未來研究 50
參考文獻 51
附錄一、學習前測試題 57
附錄二、學習後測試題 61
附錄三、系統滿意度問卷-科技接受度 65

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