摘要
人工濕地可視為以日光為能源的人造生態處理單元，利用自然的處理機制將許多廢水中污染物質轉化為無害產物。由於人工濕地系統具有兼顧廢（污）水處理以及生態、景觀、護岸、遊憩等不同面向的要求，因此，應用這項低耗能的處理單元處理工業廢水，已漸趨受到注意與重視
本研究中利用沉砂池廢砂及瀘渣做為介質，以二個4L ×1W ×1H m3的槽體分別種植蘆葦及香蒲模擬表面流動式人工濕地系統。系統介質填通高度為底層0.4 m （瀘渣）及0.1 m（沉砂池廢砂），水深維持為0.3 m，利用工業區污水做為進流水。在水力停留時間5 天情況下改變營養鹽、
進流廢水濃度等參數。此外，並分析水質變化及介質中氮磷含量以探討系統對營養鹽、化學需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量及懸浮固體物(SS)之去除效率。操作期間各項水質指標之平均負荷率(g/m2/day/)分別為蘆葦槽：COD 5.92±0.64、BOD 3.48±0.95、SS 3.42±1.44、總凱氏氮(TKN)
0.94±0.26 及總磷(TP) 1.33±0.2。香蒲槽去除負荷率：COD 5.17±0.62、BOD 3.21±0.92、SS 2.92±1.29、TKN 0.59±0.21、TP 0.66±0.15。
研究結果發現，在不採收植物體的操作情況下，植物體藉綿密之根築成濾網，不但具有吸附作用且供微生物附著類似生物接觸處理法）。因此推測去除效果主要由根區吸附及沈降、微生物及沈積層的吸附、以及透過微生物的代謝過程來完成。操作期間其平均去除率分別為：蘆葦槽去除率(%)：COD 55~62、BOD 73~90、SS 66~84、TKN 36~66、TP 28~39。香蒲槽去除率(%)：COD49~54、BOD 73~83、SS 45~69、TKN 15~43、TP 9~24。

Abstract
Constructed wetlands can be treated as a imulated natural treatment system,which use solar adiation as the source of energy. By analogy with some removalmechanisms in natural wetlands, constructed wetlands are able to transform and
remove pollutants from the wastewater. Other features provided by the constructed wetland include wildlife support, hydrologic odification, erosion protection, and open space and aesthetics. It has been applied for domestic wastewater purification for decades.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the ffectiveness of using constructed wetlands on industrial wastewater treatment. In this study, grit chamber and furnace waste from steel-making were used as the media for plant growth. Two -tank
(dimension for each tank: 4L ×1W ×1H) system was designed and constructed to simulate the constructed wetland. Reed and cattail were planted in the first and second tanks, respectively. In the system, media in the first and second tanks were filled to a height of 0.4 m (furnace waste from steel-making) and 0.1 m (waste grit), respectively.
The depth of water was maintained at 0.3 m. The hydraulic retention time was approximately 5 days. The following parameters were analyzed during the operational period: nutrients, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The calculated removal rates (g/m2/day) in the
first tank were：COD 5.92±0.64、BOD 3.48±0.95、SS (suspended solids) 3.42±1.44、TKN (total kjedal nitrogen, TKN) 0.94±0.26、TP (total phosphorus) 1.33±0.2。The removal rates (g/ m2/day) in the second tank were: COD 5.17±0.62、BOD 3.21±0.92、
SS 2.92±1.29、TKN 0.59±0.21、TP 0.66±0.15.
Results from this study indicate that the media and plants in both tanks created a biofiltration system for microbial growth and pollutant removal. Sorption and biodegradation were the two major pollutant removal mechanisms in the system.
During the operational period, the average removal efficiencies (%) in the first tank were: COD 55~62, BOD 73~90, SS 66~84, TKN 36~66, TP 28~39. The average removal efficiencies (%) in the first tank were: COD 49~54, BOD 73~83, SS 45~69,TKN 15~43, TP 9~24.

謝誌.......................Ⅰ
中文摘要...................Ⅱ
Abstract ..................Ⅲ
目錄.......................Ⅳ
圖目錄.....................Ⅶ
表目錄.....................Ⅷ
第一章前言..................1
1.1 研究動機................1
1.2 研究目的................3
第二章文獻回顧..............4
2.1 濕地的定義與分類........4
2.2 濕地的結構..............8
2.2.1 簡介..................8
2.2.2 濕地水文..............9
2.2.3 濕地土壤............ 11
2.2.4 濕地植物............ 15
2.3 溼地去除污染物之機制.. 24
2.3.1 氮的去除............ 24
2.3.2 磷的去除............ 31
2.3.3 生化需氧量及化學需氧量的去除....... 35
2.3.4 有機物與懸浮固體物的去除........... 36
2.3.5 pH 的變化.......................... 36
2.4 人工濕地............................. 37
2.4.1 背景與應用......................... 37
2.4.2 人工濕地的分類..................... 44
2.4.3 人工濕地的功用..................... 51
2.4.3.1 氮的去除......................... 59
2.4.3.2 磷的去除......................... 63
第三章研究設備與方法..................... 67
3.1 概述................................. 67
3.2 實驗研究方法......................... 67
3.2.1 模廠型人工溼地之建立............... 67
3.2.2 植物種類........................... 70
3.2.3 溼地模廠之操作方法................. 71
3.3 水質分析............................. 73
第四章結果與討論......................... 80
4.1 現場監測............................. 80
4.2 水質變化............................. 84
4.2.1 懸浮固體物濃度及去除率變化......... 88
4.2.2 化學需氧量COD 濃度及去除率變化..... 90
4.2.3 生化學需氧量BOD5 濃度及去除率變化.. 92
4.2.4 磷濃度及去除率變化................. 94
4.2.5 氮濃度及去除率變化................. 97
4.3 水生植物............................ 103
4.4 討論................................ 105
第五章結論與建議........................ 109
5.1 結論................................ 109
5.2 建議................................ 110
參考文獻................................ 112
VII
圖目錄
圖2.1 貫流式通氣(一) .................... 22
圖2.2 貫流式通氣(二) .................... 22
圖2.3 非貫流式通氣....................... 23
圖2.4 氮在濕地中的宿命................... 30
圖2.5 漂浮植物表面流動式系統............. 48
圖2.6 挺水植物垂直下流動式系統........... 49
圖2.7 沈水植物表面流動式系統............. 50
圖2.8 多階段水生植物處理系統............. 50
圖3.1 模型設置圖......................... 68
圖4.1 水溫變化........................... 82
圖4.2 酸鹼值變化......................... 82
圖4.3 溶氧變化........................... 83
圖4.4 比電導度變化....................... 83
圖4.5 總懸浮固體物變化暨平均去除率....... 89
圖4.6 化學需氧量變化暨平均去除率......... 91
圖4.7 生化需氧量變化暨平均去除率......... 93
圖4.8 總磷變化暨去除率................... 95
圖4.9 正磷酸鹽變化暨去除率............... 96
圖4.10 凱氏氮變化暨去除率................ 99
圖4.11 氨態氮變化暨去除率............... 100
圖4.12 亞硝酸態氮變化暨去除率........... 101
圖4.13 硝酸態氮變化暨去除率............. 102
表目錄
表2.1 植物所需必要營養素................. 16
表2.2 人工濕地的去除機制與影響之污染物質. 53
表2.3 大型水生植物在濕地的主要功能....... 55
表3.1 系統初設時水質分析結果............. 68
表3.2 系統初設時現場監測結果............. 69
表4.1 污染物平均負荷率................... 84
表4.2 各階段進出流濃度及去除率........... 85

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