Responsive image
博碩士論文 etd-0818105-134740 詳細資訊
Title page for etd-0818105-134740
論文名稱
Title
中小企業赴大陸投資其經營策略之研究 以散熱風扇PCB組裝廠A公司為例
Research of the Mainland Investment’s Business Strategy for Small and Medium Enterprises
系所名稱
Department
畢業學年期
Year, semester
語文別
Language
學位類別
Degree
頁數
Number of pages
107
研究生
Author
指導教授
Advisor
召集委員
Convenor
口試委員
Advisory Committee
口試日期
Date of Exam
2005-06-11
繳交日期
Date of Submission
2005-08-18
關鍵字
Keywords
經營策略、世界工廠、進入模式
Entry Model, World Factory, Business Strategy
統計
Statistics
本論文已被瀏覽 5710 次,被下載 21
The thesis/dissertation has been browsed 5710 times, has been downloaded 21 times.
中文摘要
在中國大陸之世界工廠強力吸金下,國內經營環境亦產生劇烈變動,各產業外移的現象嚴重,其中資訊產業的競爭優勢有逐漸消逝的趨勢。在現今3C電子產品迅速發展的過程中,輕薄短小的設計已成為未來發展趨勢,伴隨而來的是散熱技術需快速升級,CPU 散熱器成為現今資訊產業中重要之零組件,散熱器零組件行業成為當今之熱門焦點,但亦隨高科技業、資訊業紛紛移往大陸設廠生產,其中在散熱器OEM母公司周圍的以小企業為主的眾多衛星工廠,立刻面臨欠缺台灣訂單與市場的困境,該如何因應,有何策略上的思考,擬定其經營策略,是台灣眾多衛星廠商面臨的重要課題。

本研究認為台商赴大陸投資初期所面對的最主要之決策應是進入模式的選擇與經營策略的製定,其考量的因素也會互為影響與重疊,所以本研究依據相關文獻,並以個案公司實際運作為例,探討中小企業中,屬電子散熱器產業上游之電子零組件供應廠商,赴大陸投資之進入模式種類及其考量因素;探討其經營策略,並從核心競爭力、HR策略、價值鏈活動體系等層面探討經營策略的執行與落實;整合進入模式與經營策略決策時考量的各層面因素,以五力分析與SWOT分析架構對個案公司及未來欲投資相近產業的業者提出策略面的建議與思考。

本研究以中小型電子零組件供應廠商中一家散熱風扇之PCB加工組裝業者為研究對象,採用個案研究法,透過相關文獻探討,確定研究架構,擬定訪談題目,進行直接資料蒐集之深度訪談。

在進入模式方面,A公司在赴大陸投資,選擇適當進入模式時,其主要考量因素為國家因素、產業、市場因素與企業自身因素等。在國家因素方面,包括兩岸的政治風險、大陸的法規制度、基礎設施建設與政府行政效率;在產業市場因素方面,包括產業聚落的形成、主要下游客戶的策略聯盟、市場的成長與未來潛力等;在企業自身因素方面,包括與合作夥伴的契合、信任度、經營策略、財務能力、核心技術能力等;而在產品因素方面,A公司對於產品生命週期與相關交期、決策問題亦有權衡。A公司並由以上層面的考量凝聚為控制力高低、資源投入多寡的評估準則,最後選擇獨資模式進入大陸地區經營。

本研究亦建議,對於衛星工廠或外包廠商角色者的中小企業進入大陸地區投資,當資本額需求不大,訂單來源穩定,經營獲利有相當把握時,宜採用獨資之進入模式;應於初期,考慮租賃當地廠房、設備之彈性做法,以降低高資源投入所可能帶來的經營風險,並快速量產、回收投資 。

在經營策略方面,A公司之經營策略追求低成本與差異化的並重與結合,即追求產品差異化的「物美」與全面低成本領導的「價廉」來擁有競爭優勢。在低成本策略上可採積極從事規模設備的建立、嚴密控制成本、提高產能利用率、提昇生產效率、建立有效率的採購系統、生產流程等做法,並持續改善製程、控制品質、提昇量產速度。在差異化策略上注重現有研發經驗累積、生產用模具自行研發、達成強化製程技術與品質管理、與OEM母公司策略聯盟強化研發、引進與開發新技術、配合顧客需求,服務與即時又彈性的交期等。

本研究亦建議,在各種主客觀條件改變之下,兩岸垂直分工的型態已有必要考慮逐漸調整為水平分工的方式,也就是與大陸地方產業融合,或培植當地的協力廠商,反過來在大陸市場與台灣產品競爭。以本研究為例,若散熱器之OEM母公司走向上述之水平分工的方式時,作為眾多衛星工廠外包廠商的中小企業亦應考慮可行的方式,與當地廠商結合,以技術研發升級、以產品應用及商業化能力、以管理技術行銷大陸市場。

另外,專業知識轉化成智慧財產權一直是中小企業較弱的部份,而部分技術進入大陸後遭到模仿而失去利基的案例比比皆是,因此中小企業應積極參與、加入相關研發聯盟,以小搏大,注重研發與創新,主動提昇技術層級;並做好知識管理,將知識轉成文字化與數據化後,進一步商品化及價值化,亦是一條可以思考的策略,並經由策略面的考量,決定輸出的技術,並藉以成為策略聯盟的廠商或上下游供應商的轉換輸出方式,不僅可達到全球運籌模式的思維更可以從技術授權中獲得價值創造,台商於台灣與中國大陸之投資區位亦可產生雙贏之局面。
Abstract
As affected by the massive capital into the Mainland China known as the world factory, not only the national business environment has been changed dramatically, but the outgoing trend of various industries has also been raised severely. In particular, the competitive advantage of the information sector has reflected a sign of falling behind in gradual. On the other hand, 3C electronic products on the tendency toward the flipping and short design have been promptly developed in the prevailing evolution process, along with necessity of rapid upgrade on heat-radiating technique. The heat-radiator module industry becomes the most heat as the CPU radiator plays the vital component of the information sector. Following high-tech industry and information sector shifting their production plants to mainland, however, small enterprises based on numerous satellite factories around the radiator OEM parent company encounter an instant dilemma for lack of the Taiwan’s order and market. For this instance, an essential subject what they confronted and considered is to constitute the business strategy adaptable to the existence.

According to the study, it was deemed that seeking for the suitable entry model and defining the feasible business strategy are the primary rules of the Taiwan firms toward the mainland investment at the initial stage. Since factors that they took into considerations overlapped and influenced one another, this research on both the basis of the relevant literatures and the demonstration of the practice business case probed into sorts of entry modes and considering elements that the upstream electronic parts suppliers of the radiator industry among small and medium enterprises migrated to the mainland. It also explored the business strategy along with its implementation and achievement through all strata of core competency, HR policy, value chain activity and so on while integrated the related factors of counterparts, as well as submitted suggestions and deliberations on the strategic aspect for the subject firm and the interesting relevant sector as a result of 5S and SWOT analyses.

The object of this research was a PCB process assembly factory engaging in productions of heat-radiating fans – one of the small-/mid-sizes electronic parts suppliers, basing on the case study approach by processes of the concerned records conference, research structure confirmation, interview subject affirmation and profound survey fulfillment to collect data directly.

In the respect of the adaptable entry model that the “A” firm got to set up in the mainland was primarily considering on the country, industry, market, itself and etc. It included political risks of the cross-strait, low, regulation and system of the mainland, infrastructures, and administration efficiency of the government for country factor, as well as industry cluster formation, strategy alliance of major downstream correspondents, and growth potential of market for industry factor. The firm itself also considered compatibility, dependency, business strategy, financial capability and core technology ability of partners. Whereas product factor, assessments were taken on the life circle, time to market and decision making. Finally, the “A” firm was the venture exclusively with its own investment on the mainland after all of the aforesaid was cohered as the evaluation criterions of control strength and resource input.

This research also suggested that exclusive venture is the adaptable model for satellite factories or outsourcers to penetrate into the mainland with less capital, stable order and predictable business profits. In the primary stage, the lease of local premises and installations is regarded as the rational practice to diminish the managing risks of vast investment in addition to swift mass productions and investment retrieve.

With the prospective business strategy, the “A” firm proceeded with the equal combination of the costs shrinkage and diversifications. Namely, competitive advantages were derived from the diversified quality products and the cheap prices underpinned by the total low costs. Aggressive engagements for the latter included foundations of critical mass facility, strict cost control, production capability and utilization rate promotion, productive efficiency improvement, and effective procurement system, along with persistent process upgrade, quality control and mass production velocity advancement. The focus on the former featured on the R&D experiences accumulations, production molder creation, process technique and quality management enforcement, strategy alliance with OEM parent firm to strengthen R&D, new technology engrossment, customer service, realistic delivery, in time to market and so on.

In the alternation of miscellaneous objective conditions, this research proposed that business model as considered has to be gradually transformed from vertical integration to horizontal segmentation. Relatively, it will either blend the mainland local industry or nourish the native suppliers to compete with the Taiwan products in the mainland market. If the radiator OEM parent company shifted the said horizontal segmentation style, for instance, numerous satellite factories and outsourcers of small and medium enterprises should seek for the feasible direction to link up with the local counterparts for technique R&D promotion toward the mainland market with product application, commercialization ability and management technology.

Furthermore, it has been fragile for small and medium enterprises to convert the professional knowledge into intellectual property rights while popular examples such as certain inventions missing advantages resulting from the mainland imitation have been seen everywhere. Thus, it also could be the feasible way for small and medium enterprises to positively participate in the relevant R&D alliances with logical input for intensive interests. Such intents emphasized on R&D and innovation stress, technology upgrade initiation, well knowledge management, literalizing and digitalization, and commercialization and value creation. Through the strategy consideration, the decision on transferring of technology for becoming one member of the strategy alliance or the transformation model of upstream and downstream plants has not only attained the global leverage, but also acquired benefits from technique franchises, in addition to the accomplishment of the win-win prospects for the Taiwan investors on the great China sector.
目次 Table of Contents
致謝辭--------------------------------------------------------------I
中文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------II
英文摘要 -----------------------------------------------------------V
目錄 --------------------------------------------------------------X
表目錄-------------------------------------------------------------XI
圖目錄 -----------------------------------------------------------XII
第一章緒論----------------------------------------------------------1
第一節 研究背景與動機-----------------------------------------1
第二節 研究目的與問題 ----------------------------------------4
第三節 研究流程-----------------------------------------------5
第二章 文獻探討-----------------------------------------------------7
第一節 台商赴大陸投資概況-------------------------------------7
第二節 中國大陸吸引外資概況----------------------------------12
第三節 散熱器產業概況----------------------------------------14
第四節 台商赴大陸投資進入模式及其考量因素--------------------19
第五節 台商赴大陸投資之經營策略------------------------------38
第三章 研究設計----------------------------------------------------55
第一節 研究對象----------------------------------------------55
第二節 研究方法----------------------------------------------56
第三節 研究架構----------------------------------------------58
第四章 個案分析----------------------------------------------------61
第一節 個案公司簡介------------------------------------------61
第二節 進入模式及其考量因素----------------------------------65
第三節 經營策略分析------------------------------------------67
第四節 五力分析與SWOT分析-----------------------------------70
第五章 結論與建議--------------------------------------------------78
第一節 研究結論---------------------------------------------78
第二節 研究限制---------------------------------------------82
第三節 後續研究建議---------------=-------------------------83
參考文獻-----------------------------------------------------------84
附錄一 在大陸地區從事投資或技術合作許可辦法-----------------------88
附錄二 個案訪談題目-----------------------------------------------93



表目錄
表1-1.1中小企業赴大陸投資的演變------------------------------------3
表2-1.1 經濟部核准資料---------------------------------------------8
表2-1.2 台商對大陸投資統計 行業別-------------------------------10
表2-1.3台商對大陸投資統計 地區別-------------------------------11
表2-1.4 廠商投資年數分析------------------------------------------12
表2-1.5 台商投資型態分析------------------------------------------12
表2-2.1 直接外資對中國大陸的貢獻表--------------------------------13
表2-4.1 國際企業進入策略選擇--------------------------------------20
表2-4.2 國際市場進入模式類型之彙總--------------------------------21
表2-4.3 國際市場進入模式類型與函義--------------------------------22
表2-4.4 台商赴大陸投資主要進入模式特性----------------------------23
表2-4.5 Dunning OLI 三因素進入模式-------------------------------25
表2-4.6 進入模式之相關理論----------------------------------------28
表2-4.7 台商赴大陸投資進入模式相關文獻內容整理--------------------36
表2-5.1 近代主要學者對企業競爭策略定義----------------------------38
表2-5.2 H.Boyd 組織整體、事業與行銷策略的要素---------------------40
表2-5.3 企業經營策略類型的劃分與特徵------------------------------42
表4-1.1 台灣母公司與大陸子公司概況--------------------------------61
參考文獻 References
一、中文部分

1. 大前研一,2002,The China Impact,黃曉平譯,2002,中國、出租中,天下雜誌社。
2. 司徒達賢,2000,策略管理,台北,遠流出版社。
3. 司徒達賢,2001,策略管理新論:觀念架構與分析方法,台北,智勝文化事業股份有限公司。
4. 台灣區電機電子工業同業工會,2003,當商機遇上風險:2003年中國大陸地區投資環境與風險調查,台北,商周編輯顧問股份有限公司。
5. 石紹成、李相慶,2000,台商大陸投資經營管理指南,行政院陸委會。
6. 朱文祥,2001,中小型醫院經營策略與營運績效之探討:以平衡計分卡觀點分析,國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所暑期專案研究論文。
7. 吳思華,2000,策略九說:策略思考的本質,第三版,台北,臉譜文化出版社。
8. 吳讚庭,2003,「交易成本、制度環境、國際化經驗」對海外進入模式與經營績效之影響:台商赴大陸投資之實證研究,元智大學管理研究所碩士論文。
9. 李宗原,2003,服務業廠商海外市場進入模式之研究:台商赴大陸投資之實證研究,銘傳大學國際企業學系碩士班碩士論文。
10. 洪玉珍,2004,海外投資行為與經營績效之研究:以台灣金屬加工業為例,長榮大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。
11. 馬茂忠,2004,台商赴大陸投資進入模式與成長策略關係之研究:以自然美國際事業集團連鎖加盟為例,大業大學國際企業管理學系碩士班碩士論文。
12. 高長、陳威如,1998,台商赴大陸投資所有權進入模式決定因素的分析,管理學報,第十五卷,第三期,第393-418 頁,1998 年9 月。沈意如,1998,省立醫院經營策略之調適與定位,中國醫藥學院醫務研究所碩士論文。
13. 張國雄,2002,國際行銷學:本土化觀點與全球性思維,初版,台北縣,前程企管。
14. 莊競登,2003,中國華東市場的進入策略、進入模式與經營績效關係之研究,國立台灣科技大學管理研究所碩士論文。
15. 許家榮,2004,進入模式、行銷組合策略與經營績效關係之研究:以台商成衣業進入中國經濟區塊分析,中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
16. 郭建廷,2002,台灣紡織業對大陸投資策略之研究,國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文
17. 陳旭銘,1998,中小企業赴大陸投資進入模式決策與經營績效之研究,銘傳大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文。
18. 趙郁文,2000,國際企業管理:系統化理論與分析,台北,華泰文化事業股份有限公司。
19. 劉惠民,2002,台商赴中國大陸投資進入模式與經營策略之研究:以營建工程相關產業為例,國立中山大學管理學院高階經營碩士學程專班碩士論文。
20. 繆德澤,2003,台灣資訊軟體廠商前進中國大陸市場進入模式之研究,國立台灣大學國際企業學研究所碩士論文。
21. 羅家懷,2001,兩岸經貿現況及發展,現代化研究,2001 年10 月,第28卷。







二、網站部份
1. www.gov.tw,我的E政府。
2. www.chinabiz.org.tw,大陸台商經貿網。
3. www.dgbas.gov.tw,行政院主計處。
4. www.mac.gov.tw,行政院大陸委員會。
5. http://newmops.tse.com.tw/,台灣證券交易所公開資訊觀測站。


三、英文部分
1. Agarwal, S. and Ramaswami, N.,“Choice of Foreign Market Entry Mode: Impact of Ownership, Location and Internalization Factors,”Journal of International Business Studies, First Quarter, 1992, pp.47-54.
2. Anderson, E. and Gatignon, H.,“Mode of Foreign Entry: A Transaction Cost pp.1-26.
3. Buckley, Peter J. & Marc Casson (1976), “ The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, London, Longman.
4. Barney, J. B., “Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage”, Journal of Management, 17, 1991, pp.99-120.
5.Calvet, A. L. (1981), “A Synthesis of Foreign Direct Investment Theories & Theories of the Multinational Firm”, Journal of International Business Studies, Spring、Summer 1981, pp.43-59.
6. Contractor, F. J. and Kundu, S. K.,“Modal Choice in a World of Alliances: Analyzing Organization Forms in the International Hotels Sector”, Journal of International Business Studies, 29(2), 1998, pp.325-358.
7. Davidson, W. H.,“The Location of Foreign Direct Investment Activity: Country Characteristics and Experience Effect”, Journal of International Business Studies, 1980, pp.9-22.
8. Dunning, John H. (1988), “ The Eclectic Paradigm of International Production: A Restatement & Some Possible Extensions”, Journal of
9. Gary Hamel(2000),Leading the Revolution,李田樹、李芳齡譯,天下文化書坊,2000 年12 月。
10. H. Boyd, Jr., O. Walker, Jr., and J. Larreche (1998), “Marketing Management: A strategic approach with a Global Orientation”, 3rd Ed.Boston.
11. Hill, Charles W., Peter Hwang & Wi Chan Kim (1990), “An Eclectic Theory of Choice of International Entry Mode”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 11: pp.117-128.
12. Hamel Gary (2000),“Leading the Revolution”。李田樹、李芳齡譯(2000),“啟動革命”。台北:天下遠見。
13. Hill, C. W. L., Hwang, P., and Kim, W. C.,“An Eclectic Theory of the Choice of International Entry Mode”, Strategic Management Journal, 11, 1990, pp.117-128.
14. International Business Studies, spring 1988, pp. 1-31.
15. Kotler, P.,方世榮譯(2000),行銷管理學,台北,東華書局股份有限公司,第四版。
16. Kogut, B. and Singh, H.,“The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode”, Journal of International Business Studies, fall, 1988, pp.411-432.
17. Kumar, V. and Subramaniam, V.“A Contingency Framework for the Mode of Entry Decision”, Journal of International Business Studies, 32(1),1997, pp.53-72.
18.Learned, E. P., C. R. Christensen, K. E. Andrews and W. D. Guth, Business policy: Text and Cases, Irwin, Homewood, IL, 1965.
19. Michael E. Porter, what is strategy, Harvard Business Review, pp.61~78, 1996.
20. Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy, N. Y., Free Press, 1980.
21.Root, Franklin J. (1987), “Entry Strategies for International Markets”, D. C. Health, Lexington, MA.
22. Rogers, M. (1998), “The Definition and Measurement of Innovation”, Melbourne Institute Working Paper No.10/98, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social research, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne.
23. Root, F. R., Entry Strategies for International Markets, D. C.: Health and Company, 1987.
24. Tse, D. K., Pan, Y., Au, K. Y.,“How MNCS Chose Modes and Form Alliances: The China Experience”, Journal of International Business Studies, 1997, 28(4), pp.779-805.
25. Williamson, Oliver E. (1975), “Markets & Hierarchies: Analysis and
Antitrust Implications”, New York: Free Press.
電子全文 Fulltext
本電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的,進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定,切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送,以免觸法。
論文使用權限 Thesis access permission:校內公開,校外永不公開 restricted
開放時間 Available:
校內 Campus: 已公開 available
校外 Off-campus:永不公開 not available

您的 IP(校外) 位址是 3.133.160.156
論文開放下載的時間是 校外不公開

Your IP address is 3.133.160.156
This thesis will be available to you on Indicate off-campus access is not available.

紙本論文 Printed copies
紙本論文的公開資訊在102學年度以後相對較為完整。如果需要查詢101學年度以前的紙本論文公開資訊,請聯繫圖資處紙本論文服務櫃台。如有不便之處敬請見諒。
開放時間 available 已公開 available

QR Code